Higher education Essay

The level of youthful grown-ups learning in foundations of advanced education in the two Wales and England has drastically expanded throughout the years. Truth be told, looking at the 2004/05 figures to those of the 1960s, this rate has expanded by just about multiple times. The expansion in the quantity of youngsters seeking after advanced education has been reproduced in a few pieces of the world. For example, in Australia, students’ populace taking a crack at organizations of advanced education has altogether expanded by in excess of 50% between the years 1996 and 2005. despite the fact that there are a few elements impacting the expansion in the quantity of youngsters picking to seek after advanced education, the principle factor that has been credited to the expanding figures is the connection between future vocations of the youngsters and the degrees being learned at the schools (Brooks, Rachel and Glyn Everett, para 2). Importance of degree to one’s profession It is commonly recognized that a large portion of the world’s economies specifically the western ones, are progressively getting dependent on correspondence, data and information and not on different factors, for example, physical creation. This has surely prompted the authoring of the information economy term. On the off chance that countries are to take an interest adequately in the world’s economy that is to a great extent driven by information, they need to ceaselessly build up a workforce that is profoundly instructed. Such a workforce is in certainty seen as a urgent part for thriving later on. Therefore partnerships have throughout the years put more accentuation on employing individuals with the correct information and data. An incredible level of such abilities are gotten from the foundations of higher learning. Since the for all intents and purposes all the youthful grown-ups are looking to be utilized in these associations in future, they have no other option however to look for advanced education (Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 4). The working environment of the cutting edge world is additionally progressively getting subject to a few changes. With respect to the work power, this fundamentally implies higher penchant of making numerous turns in one’s vocation just as making many profession modifications. In practically all callings, it is commonly foreseen that the job’s nature will experience significant changes. So as to battle viably for different work openings in a work advertise that is exceptionally powerful, graduates must be well furnished with adaptability, abilities, versatility, acumen and information. Enduring learning aptitudes have gotten noteworthy in professions since alumni of the current century don't foresee for vocations or occupations which are static. These skills liable for deciding one’s capacity to seek after a vocation in the 21st century are basically gotten from the establishments of higher learning, in this manner clarifying the significance of the degrees in one’s future profession openings (Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 4). Much of the time, the principal degree is the base degree of capability required for somebody to get into a decent work and vocation. Despite the fact that a portion of the significant necessities of a few vocations are not offered by the establishments of higher learning, it is hard for a person to get into an association and serve in a specific situation without the essential scholarly prerequisite, the main degree. Contingent upon the association, the youthful alumni are then expected to gain proficiency with specific skills inside the association that will help them working gainfully in the association. All the capabilities gained because of working in a specific association are just expected to add weight to the information and abilities controlled by the representative in view of having procured a degree from the establishments of higher learning (Brooks, Rachel and Glyn Everett, para 10). The development in low maintenance and worldly types of work among youthful alumni can be very much clarified by social modifications and no auxiliary moves in either request or flexibly. These types of occupations might be realized by certain conscious graduates’ decisions. Such alternatives emerge either on the grounds that such occupations are seen to be reasonable speculation openings or because of the way that they speak to expanded degrees of adaptability and opportunity to the youthful alumni. In this way, what might be seen as a snare of profession for the low level workers is fit for introducing something very unique for the alumni who are progressively taught. Seeking after advanced education is along these lines seen by the youngsters as an extraordinary possibility of having an effective and a satisfying profession in a high positioning association. The youngsters additionally see obtaining degrees as an extraordinary chance of having vocations that are adaptable and well paying. Advanced education is along these lines significant while battling to work in a specific field. Without, this type of instruction, it is practically outlandish for the youngsters to persuade businesses that they are equipped for working gainfully in their associations (Brooks, Rachel and Glyn Everett, para 16). Advanced education with the United Kingdom and different spots over the world has an expanding obligation slanted towards possibilities of work for the alumni, as this class of people begin going about as clients. Because of the significant expenses brought about by understudies just as their families in obtaining advanced education, understudies look for seeking after courses that will in the long run lead them to lucrative professions. One’s profession has an incredible noteworthiness on an individual’s societal position. The vast majority of the vocations bringing such impacts must be obtained through examining certain courses in establishments of higher learning. There is along these lines an extraordinary association between the degrees understudies are seeking after at the colleges and the professions they will seek after further down the road (Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 6). In a few governments, for example, that of United Kingdom, there is noteworthy accentuation on production of work openings dependent on needs of advanced education capabilities. Establishments of higher learning are relied upon to improve, screen and assess their direction, professions, training and data in manners showing elite and quality. Truth be told, in UK, beginning from the year 2000, these establishments are required to give information concerning work of the understudies who have as of late moved on from such foundations. Such information is then utilized in observing the significance of the degrees offered in these organizations and the capabilities required by the work advertise. This is because of the way that it is normal that once the understudies seek after advanced education, they ought to be consumed by the work advertise in light of the fact that they have the correct capabilities. Along these lines, if this isn't the situation, it is considered that these foundations are not assuming their job viably (Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 8). As indicated by the examination that was completed by Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 20, in which they looked to know why most alumni and students look for higher learning, it is obvious that they have profession as the principle main impetus. A large portion of the alumni and undergrad respondents who were met by these specialists said that they seek after their degrees so as to improve their vocation and occupation possibilities. As indicated by these understudies, businesses search for youthful alumni who have sought after specific degrees in organizations of higher learning and in this way they need to get the base scholastic prerequisites from these foundations so as to make sure about a great job or profession in future. Degrees are subsequently significant for understudies as they look for methods of improving their vocations in future. The understudies know that the greater part of the capabilities and abilities looked by managers can't be acquired through the proper instruction. Nonetheless, they realize that the abilities and capabilities got from the foundations of higher learning give a sound base whereupon the aptitudes and skills required by bosses can be created. End Higher instruction remains the absolute most noteworthy part of vocation improvement. It is thus enrolment of youngsters into these organizations has expanded impressively throughout the years. Advanced education furnishes understudies with the required abilities and capabilities of seeking after their fantasy vocations. The advanced work environments request representatives to be exceptionally skilled, profitable and dynamic. These are aptitudes that are greatly accentuated in the organizations of advanced education. Thus, businesses have an extremely high penchant of utilizing graduates instead of recruiting people who have not accomplished the base essential prerequisites for good work openings. The idea of today’s openings for work is exceptionally adaptable and dynamic, since most alumni gangs these capacities, they can fit well in today’s work environments.

How to Improve public Schools Essay Example for Free

The most effective method to Improve government funded Schools Essay Since the seventeenth century, American state funded schools have furnished its youngsters with a superb chance of accepting free instruction that guarantees a general comprehension of different subjects, for example, arithmetic and writing giving a great many ages the establishment of information. Government funded schools have made a few positive jumps since its asking from showing just guys understudies to showing all sexual orientations, just as turning out to be integrated in 1969. Government funded schools give a true serenity to guardians who want the best for their youngsters since they give state ensured educators, free transportation, extra-curricular and after school programs, and are responsible to the state (web). Most prominently, open secondary schools plan understudies for life after school and gives an establishment to facilitate training; nonetheless, behind all the magnificent parts of government funded schools there are sure detriments that can impede the scholastic advancement of an understudy. Guardians just as understudies ought to know about these drawbacks that include: underfunded schools might not have certain materials or may need to cut a few projects and an excessive amount of accentuation on government sanctioned test that makes a great deal of weight on understudies and obstructs their learning condition. Thinking about such burdens, guardians and understudies may ponder â€Å"how would we be able to understand this dilemma?† Nationalizing government funded school subsidizing and giving less class and state sanctioned test so as to permit understudies to concentrate on learning the educational program are the two stages and recommendations that can possibly settle the problematic impediments of state funded schools. Various schools in various areas and states get a wide scope of subsidizing which makes a contention where a few schools are underfunded while other are prosperous. The schools that are underfunded may not gain certain materials that are fundamental for the course which hurt the way toward learning for some understudies. A few schools are underfunded to such an extent that they result to taking out specific courses or projects. About portion of the financing for government funded schools in the United States are given however neighborhood charges, producing enormous contrasts in subsidizing among rich and ruined networks. There have been endeavors make government funded school financing progressively evenhanded yet have just incited discussion. A few people, for example, Eric Hanushek, contend that albeit various schools get distinctive measure of subsidizing, the measure of cash spent isn't â€Å"systematically identified with studentâ achievement,† hence the wide scope of state funded school financing isn't an issue. Then again, individuals, for example, analysts Rob Greenwald, Larry Hedges, and Richard Laine adherent that â€Å"schoo l assets are efficiently identified with understudy achievement,† and in this way school financing is instructively significant. Albeit government funded schools in the Unites States are supported from administrative, state and neighborhood sources, the assets from nearby property charges creates huge subsidizing contrasts. A coherent proposition to take care of this issue would to nationalize government funded school subsidizing along these lines each state funded school contingent upon its level ( basic, center/junior, high, institute, and so on.) would get a similar measure of financing which would dispose of the distinctions of subsidizing for various districts. A few guardians may contend that their neighborhood property charges are higher than others thus it ought to go towards the subsidizing for their child’s government funded school financing; in any case, in the event that school subsidizing is nationalized and normalized, at that point each school notwithstanding the area would get enough financing to make sure about satisfactory instruction for all kids. Additionally, assets from neighborhoo d property assessments could be utilized to better individual networks, for example, building parks or network structures just as giving better streets as opposed to financing state funded schools. Government duties may ascend due to nationalizing state funded school subsidizing anyway it is for a decent motivation which is furnishing all understudies of America with an equivalent chance to extraordinary instruction; anyway this proposition will be hard to establish in light of the fact that it requires to administrative endorsement and may set aside effort to turn into a law. Numerous petitions should be made alongside a large number of marks so there would be a great deal of help required to order nationalizing government funded school subsidizing yet whenever achieved it would set a solid establishment for information all through the country. With the formation of the No Child Left Behind act embraced by president Bush, there has been an expanding accentuation on government sanctioned testing for state funded schools that has at last obstructed the learning condition by narrowing the educational plan, instructing to the test, and lessening the adoration for realizing which h elps drive understudies out of school explicitly secondary school understudies. In a few classes, the educational plan is shown dependent on the most extreme potential for understudies to finish normalized assessment. This has made a kind of educate to go rather than instruct to learn class routine among a few instructors. Thusly, a few understudies pass up important data due to theâ narrowed educational plan by taking out exercises not expected to finish a specific normalized assessment. The weight put of understudies these days ,particularly in secondary schools, can be incredibly overpowering and be a driving component for a few dropouts. Obviously understudies don't chose to dropout of school exclusively on the huge accentuation on state administered testing yet it is hard to contend that it doesn't put a ton of weight on understudies who are now battling to pass. The disturbing accentuation on high-stakes state sanctioned testing has gotten clear to students,parents, just as enactment thus there have been occasions that happened with the reason to reduce t he accentuation of testing. For instance, the Senate Education Committee passed a bill that â€Å"eliminated the utilization of scores on government sanctioned test,† that would decide whether a huge number of schools were to be viewed as falling flat or not. In spite of the fact that this is a striking advance to reducing the force set by government sanctioned grades it doesn't take care of the issue of the inadvertent blow-back in state funded schools brought about by a lot of testing. Surely, tests are imperative to decide whether an understudy is learning and not just sitting in class staring off into space of unessential things; besides, understudies should stress over test and endeavor to make passing marks on them. The issue with testing isn't its reality however its power and value. In the normal class, test scores are worth a lot more contrasted with class work and schoolwork. This places a colossal weight on understudies to past test in this manner they center just around test scores as opposed to learning the material and applying what they have figured out how to genuine circumstances. Government sanctioned test are significant in deciding the advancement of individual understudies and schools and subsequently ought not be wiped out anyway states should set at least high-stake state administered test. For instance there ought to be a limit of one finish of guidance test for significant subjects and additional test that are not legitimately pertinent to the educational plan, for example, benchmark tests ought to be wiped out. The points of interest of such a strategy ought to be left to be controlled by the states because of the trouble to uphold it as a government strategy. To make a state law that put a base on government sanctioned test would require some time, petitions, and persuading for specific individuals however the last achievement would carry less worry to understudies and advance a superior learning condition. State educational committees ought to likewise partition the level of estimation of schoolwork, classwork, interest grades, just as class test si milarly. This would allowâ student to concentrate on the significant of turning in schoolwork, taking part in class, and test similarly instead of focusing when a test is seeking it could extensively hurt their evaluation in the class. Decreasing the accentuation of test both normalized and class test would permit understudies to concentrate on the material being instructed just as permit instructors to improve the educational program to give the most ideal instructive to their understudies. Understudies can enormously profit by the past doable recommendations if they somehow happened to be upheld. By passing a government law that supports a nationalized administrative subsidizing of state funded schools rather than leaving half of state funded school financing to nearby property burdens, all American government funded schools would get an equivalent measure of financing to use for expressions of the human experience, after school programs, scholarly innovation, or school remodels that all a dvance a heather and all the more captivating learning condition for all understudies. In spite of the fact that the procedure to get a bill that would uphold a completely government subsidizing of all state funded school passed by congress would require significant investment and a ton of exertion, it would give fairness to every single state funded school paying little mind to notoriety or area giving understudies an equivalent chance. Setting a base on the measure of government sanctioned test required by state funded schools inside each state just as making the estimation of class tests towards an understudies generally grade equivalent to schoolwork and classwork would diminish the pressure welcomed on my an excess of accentuation on testing which would permit understudies to concentrate on their eduction rather than essentially breezing through the assessment. Such a strategy would require a few petitions and time to make sense of what tests are increasingly basic and which test could be wiped out; nonetheless, it would significantly diminish the pressure of school making it all the more satisfying and permit instructors to give the most ideal training to their understudies. These strategies can help improve the American government funded educational system by permitting every understudy to exploit a learning based eduction that gives the information expected to succeed and have a beneficial outcome on our regularly evolving world.

The Importance Of Literacy :: Literacy Essays

Rita Mae Brown portrays education as, an implicit understanding, an endless supply of specific images (420). On the off chance that the image's (letters) implications are not settled upon by those endeavoring to convey, at that point deciphering each other gets troublesome. Essentially expressed, education is significant. Society has demonstrated over and over, it will reward those people who are able and hinder the individuals who are not, regardless of whether communicated as far as business openings (work achievement) or just on a social level. Â Â Â Â Â One need look no farther than their regular exercises so as to acknowledge how significant scholarly abilities are. Without sufficient scholarly aptitudes one will be unable to recognize on a name the right measure of medication to give a youngster, or peruse and decipher a sign giving directions on what to do if there should arise an occurrence of a fire. These two models carry point of view to proficiency's significance. By the by, late reviews have shown that, 4.5 million Canadians, speaking to 24 percent of the eighteen-and-over gathering, can be thought of ignorant (Adult Illiteracy 5). Absence of education is really an issue inside Canada. Albeit numerous gatherings are attempting to render the issue of lack of education, much work still lies ahead. Â Â Â Â Â As our general public proceeds onward into the following century education is demonstrating fundamental to monetary execution. Without essential abstract aptitudes in one's belonging they will get lost in our quickly evolving society. The advanced laborer must be ready to adjust to the evolving work scene. This frequently implies assembling new aptitudes what's more, information from printed material, regardless of whether guidance manuals, PC projects, or study hall preparing (course readings). It is ordinarily the situation that exceptionally gifted employments require an elevated level of education. Consequently, scholarly aptitude level is a significant factor in anticipating a person's financial victory. It will influence a person's salary, their business steadiness and regardless of whether they even get business openings. Â Â Â Â Â Presently, our reality spins around proficiency. Just being proficient permits one to persistently update one's scholarly aptitudes to a more significant level. It permits one to remain educated regarding happenings in and around the globe through mediums, for example, papers and magazines. Knowing current news about what is going on in this regularly changing universe of our own is the way to remaining ahead. Another idea to contemplate is this, we depend on those with high proficiency levels to record and archive discoveries and happenings for people in the future to ponder. These works would in all probability be dull and off base or would not exist at all without our present degrees of education. Â Â Â Â Â When saw from a social viewpoint, education stays similarly as significant as when seen from the monetary angle. Linda Macleod of the National Affiliations Active in Criminal Justice, calls attention to that, 65 percent of individuals

Music Genres free essay sample

In particular, this examination plans to address the accompanying inquiries: 1 . ) Did a particular sort influence the understudies scholarly execution? 2. ) What are the impacts on the understudy? A. ) Grades b. ) Behavior C. Goals The target of this examination is to decide if music types influence an understudies scholarly execution. In particular, the examination points the accompanying: 1. ) To test if music classes influence the scholarly exhibition of understudies. 2. ) To comprehend what music type best influences the understudies. D. Theory These particular hypothetical articulations were given as premise to the strategies of he investigatory venture: 1 . There is a critical contrast on the impacts of various music classifications to the understudies scholastic execution. 2. ) There is no huge contrast on the impacts of various music kinds to the understudies scholastic execution. E. Extension and Limitation This investigation was directed in First City Providential College. The examination was centered around if the music classes an understudy tune in to will influence his/her scholastic execution. We will compose a custom exposition test on Music Genres or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page F. Centrality of the Study This examination is centered around if the music kinds an understudy tune in to will influence his/her scholarly performance.If demonstrated to have an impact, this could assist understudies with improving their scholastic execution by tuning in to the correct music classification. G. Related Literature GIG. Music Genre A music classification is a regular classification that distinguishes bits of music as having a place with a common custom or set of shows. It is to be recognized from melodic structure and melodic style, despite the fact that practically speaking these terms are once in a while utilized reciprocally. GIG . A. Elective Rock Alternative stone is a classification of exciting music that rose up out of the free music underground of the backtalk and turned out to be generally mainstream by the backtalk. GIG . . Old style Music Classical music is workmanship music created or established in the conventions of Western music (both ritualistic and common). It envelops an expansive period from generally the 1 slat century to the current day. GIG . D. Hip jump Hip bounce is a wide combination of masterful structures that started inside a the backtalk in New York City. GIG . E. K-pop K-pop is a melodic type starting in South Korea that is described by a wide assortment of various media components. GIG . F. Popular Music Pop Music is a kind of well known music which started in its advanced structure in the backtalk, getting from awesome. GIG . G.Rock Music Musically, rock has focused on the electric guitar, ordinarily as a major aspect of a stone gathering with low pitch guitar and drums. Ordinarily, rock is tune based music as a rule with a 4/4 time signature using a section tune structure, yet the class has become very different and normal melodic attributes are hard to characterize. Like popular music, verses regularly pressure sentimental love yet in addition address a wide assortment of different subjects that are oftentimes social or political in accentuation. The predominance of rock by white, male artists has been viewed as one of the key elements molding the trims investigated in awesome music. Rock puts a higher level of accentuation on musicianship, live execution, and a belief system of realness than popular music. H. Related Studies It is very simple to see precisely how solid the intensity of music is and will become later on. There have been numerous investigations demonstrated this. For instance, an examination shows that understudies who contemplated music in secondary school improved evaluations than the individuals who didn't. The thinking for this is tuning in to music makes you think all the more productively and improves your memory.

test essays

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Book Report The Nine by Jeffrey Toobin

Book Report The Nine by Jeffrey Toobin Book The Nine by Jeffrey Toobin Dec 23, 2019 in Book Report The Nine: Inside the Supreme Court In his book The Nine, Jeffrey Toobin analyses in details the Supreme Court of the United States of America and discusses the landmark cases that have become judicial precedents. The personalities of the various individuals attached to the court are also mentioned by the author. Toobin places the Supreme Court in the middle of the White House decisions as well as the state departments. The first major case that has survived and kept to its ruling is the case of Roe vs. Wade. Reverse of its ruling would ban abortion in America (Toobin 3). The case was filed in 1973 by Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington on behalf of Jane Roe, a resident of Dallas. The defendant was Henry Wade, Dallas county attorney. It is an abortion case, according to which the plaintiff could not travel out of the state due to the pregnancy, and so she needed to terminate it in a safe medical environment. The court ruling of Roe vs. Wade was made according to the argument that it was womans decision to abort. Mentioning of the right to privacy in the Constitution does not expressly grant it or give a list of what is private. After the interpretation, the court concluded that the right to terminate pregnancy is a private decision of an individual. Therefore, the woman was permitted to do an abortion. The decisions of the court ruled that the state law that prohibited abortion except of saving the life of the mother was unconstitutional. The case is a landmark that affects the later rulings of the American courts on the cases of abortion. Its verdict reflects judicial liberalism in the judicial system (Toobin 12). Another case considered by Toobin is the case of Brown vs. Board of Education. The case of 1954 held in its ruling that segregation or rather separation of children to different public schools by the virtue of skin color went ...against the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (Toobin 11). Though the decisions did not expressly eliminate the segregation, it did put a landmark against racial segregation that was widespread in most of the American states. Oliver Brown, a representative of the plaintiff, was denied a place for his child in Topeka white school, Kansas. Brown filed a case against the school board that was dismissed by the Federal District Court under the precedent of Plessey vs. Fergusson (1896). According to the latter case, it was held that segregated institutions were equal (McBride, 2008). The Supreme Court in an appeal held that there was a violation of Equal Protection Clause. The court found that blacks were discriminated. The plaintiff obtained justice in a later 1958 case; the Supreme Court ruled that integration should be in schools, and Plessey case decision was overruled. Though this case was not decided for the plaintiff immediately, it was a major step towards integration and the end of racial segregation. As a landmark of the end of police brutality, Tobbin explores the case of Miranda vs. Arizona. It was in 1966 that the Supreme Court held that a suspect had a right to a legal counsellor (Tobbin 34). It was also held that the police went against the fifth amendment of a prisoners right to remain silent. Further, the prisoners should be notified prior questioning that everything they speak can be used against them. The case is very important today as it sets what has been referred to Mirandas law. Ernesto Miranda was arrested on March 13, 1963 on the allegations of rape, kidnapping, and robbery. Miranda was not given a chance to use his rights but was questioned by the police who waived his rights to confess and agree to the accusations. The Chief Justice Earl Warren dismissed the confession as evidence in the court trial as it has been taken when the basic rights of the plaintiff had been waived without his consent (McBride, 2008). In an increasingly dramatic police world that has a power bestowed them by state, Mirandas case protected fundamental individual rights enjoyed by the modern American society. There are many cases and surprises described in Toobins book. Narrated in a way that attracts scholars concerned in the field of law and those interested in the court room matters, The Nine presents its readers with cases connected with the Supreme Court and its operations.. Abortion, political discrimination, and different police issues affect a daily life of the citizens. Change of approach towards these issues will have a tremendous effect on the society. The shocking realization is that many Americans would talk of abortion keeping in minds the concepts put forward in the case of Roe vs. Wade. Overruling of such a case would definitely affect the issue of abortion as well as the whole nation. The most disappointing fact is that the Supreme Court is driven on the lines of conservatism and liberalism (Toobin 21). Namely, a judges verdict can depend on his/her political convictions. Even though the cases depend on judicial precedents by their ruling, personality traits of the judges still influence the decisions. One ruling of the judge can be overruled by another one based on personal view of a problem. It should be mentioned that future of the Supreme Courts and their decisions depend on the personal traits of the elected Presidents and Senators who appoint the judges. The latter should always keep in mind the precedents of cases (Toobin 20). People differ according to their philosophies, ideologies, and ethics and this also influences their decisions.

Encourage Your Artists, Writers To Perform In The School Talent Show

posted on January 1, 2016 Yes, you read that right. I am suggesting you encourage your school’s quiet, studious artists to perform in the annual school-wide talent show. You probably think I’m crazy. Any students reading this post are probably ready to hunt me down with pitchforks. Seriously though, while I do suggest YOU, teacher, jump out of our box and join your kids on the stage, I have a better idea for your introverted or shy, but creative students. Think technology. What would it look like if your photographers and artists illustrated their favorite song, recorded it along with their illustrations and played the video for the talent show? What if your artists illustrated the stories written by your poets and short story writers? What if your writers teamed up with student actors, artists and videographers to tell their stories on screen? It could look something like what one of my students did: And here is an example featuring artwork drawn by the band’s drummer: What ideas do your students have? Michelle WatersI am a secondary English Language Arts teacher, a University of Oklahoma student working on my Master’s of Education in Instructional Leadership and Academic Curriculum with an concentration in English Education, and a NBPTS candidate. I am constantly seeking ways to amplify my students’ voices and choices.

Surrogates the Movie - 1543 Words

Surrogates: â€Å"Look at yourselves, unplug from your chairs, get up, and look in the mirror what you see is how God made you we’re not meant to experience life through a machine.† This seems to be the moral of this movie in the year 2017 and takes place in Boston, MA. Bruce Willis plays an FBI detective named Tom Greer working on a very mysterious murder of a young man who is the son of a prominent inventor. A news style montage opens the movie and provides you with the fundamental basis for the movie. The viewer learns that the technology of Surrogates took 14 years to develop into the everyday application as it would be depicted in the film. The surrogate project started as a way to help the disabled experience life in a way that†¦show more content†¦It was originally founded by Dr. Canter but due to differences in philosophy he was removed as President of the company but remained a beneficiary of the profits from the sale of surrogates. The excitement builds as Tom pursues the investigation and gets closer to figuring out the conspiracy. So far he has learned that a Human Coalition member murdered the son of a Dr Canter and that the target was actually Dr Canter himself but because his son used a surrogate belonging to Dr Canter the murderer thought that he was killing him but accidentally killed his son. The military in cooperation with VCI developed a weapon that would overload surrogates and shut them down in an effort to quickly win battles without casualties. A major problem was discovered with the weapon during its initial tests and it had unintentionally killed the operators of the surrogates. The weapon was ordered to be destroyed and of the 5 that were created only 4 were actually destroyed and one remained. The military did not know who had the remaining weapon but an assumption must be made that VCI had the weapon and somehow it had fallen in to the hands of the Human Coalition who were bent on the murder of Dr C anter for creating this new society that is an abomination. Tom reveals to the military that when he was in the Human Coalitions Boston reservation he knew the weapon was there and in theShow MoreRelatedThe Communication Barrier Is A Central Part Of Spike Jones Movie1198 Words   |  5 Pagesmisconceiving the ideas or intent of the other person. It is also harder for anyone communicating without seeing the other person to tell if their conversation partner is lying. This communication barrier is a central part of Spike Jones’ movie Her. Throughout the movie the main character Theodor Twombly or Theo for short played by Joaquin Phoenix and his operating system named Samantha voiced by Scarlett Johansson develop and very complex and intimate relationship. 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Biological Explanations of Homosexuality - 2341 Words

Biological Explanations for Homosexuality Katherine Callan Opening This paper is aimed to address the question of whether homosexuality is biologically based. This topic is quite relevant today because homosexuality is a huge civil rights issue which is also conflicting with the church s moral standards. While many religious bodies claim that homosexuality is a choice and a sin, many in the homosexual community have strongly refuted that claim, instead saying they were born this way and their sexual identity is not a choice for them. Currently one of the biggest debates regarding the rights of homosexuals is same sex marriage . If scientist are indeed able to show evidence that homosexuality is result of biologic or genetic†¦show more content†¦Researches conducted a longitudinal study in which behavioral development was being studied in these infants through birth through the age of six (Maccoby, Doering, Jacklin Kraemer 1979). Their main objective was to asses whether and or how a newborn s sex and birth order were related to hormones i n the umbilical chord blood. Five sex hormones were measured: progesterone, two estrogens (estrone and estradiol) and two androgens (testosterone and androstendione). The fist sample of infants consisted of 40 males and 35 females, the second consisted of 32 males and 42 females and the third consisted of 53 males and 54 females totaling to 256 newborns born between 1973 and 1974. Only infants with no complications during delivery (including caesarean births) and had an Apgar score of at least 7 were included in the samples. Right after delivery, and severance of the umbilical chord a sample of 12ml of blood was extracted and frozen for hormonal analysis. After the mother agreed to enter her child in the six year longitudinal study the frozen samples of blood were then later tested for for the five sex hormones of interest, Andrrostenedione ( 4-androstene, 17-dione), testosterone (17ÃŽ ²-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one), estrone (3-hydroxy-1, 5 (10) -estratiene-3), 17 ÃŽ ²-diol), and es tradiol (1, 3,5 (10)-estratiene-3), 17ÃŽ ²-diol) were estimated in a laboratory by radioimmunoassay methods. ProgesteroneShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Prenatal Hormones On The Developing Fetus1510 Words   |  7 Pagesthe X chromosome. Though genetic tendencies for homosexuality may be passed from mothers to their children (Rahman Wilson, 2003). During human evolution, homosexuality was developed to minimize competition between males for a limited number of potential female mates (Schulling, 2004). A different possibility is that prenatal hormone levels influence the developing fetus (Levay, 2011). According to the prenatal hormonal theory of homosexuality, some male fetuses are exposed to too little testosteroneRead MoreEssay about Homosexuality661 Words   |  3 PagesHomosexuality Homosexuality is said to be a preference for affiliation and sexual activity with a person of the same sex. The potential for homosexual behavior appears to be a basic part of human sexuality, since many people experience homosexual interest, curiosity, or activity at some point in their lives. Homosexual behavior has also been observed in most animal species. Many homosexuals prefer to be called gay or, in the case of women, lesbian because of the exclusively sexual connotationRead MoreHomosexuality975 Words   |  4 PagesChoice? Do people choose to be gay, is it biological, or is there some other explanation? People have their own thoughts on homosexuality. Some people think that being homosexual is a choice, while others argue it’s not a choice. Bisexuality is a choice. Personally, I do not have a problem either way. I would like to try and answer the questions Is it a choice? and What causes homosexuality? Brief History of Homosexuality. The term ‘homosexuality’ was coined in the late 19th century by aRead MoreHomosexuality : What Causes Homosexuality?1404 Words   |  6 PagesCharizma Bush What causes homosexuality? During my abnormal psychology section in class something that stuck out to me was how homosexuality used to be a diagnosed disorder which is fascinating to me. Also the fact that sexual orientation is on a scale from 100% heterosexual to 100% homosexual and no one is fully either one. Knowing this I thought about the new national same-sex marriage law and how it brought up a lot of controversy recently that has been a struggle for years and years. There areRead MoreEssay on Homosexuality1702 Words   |  7 PagesHomosexuality For years scientists have been attempting to ascertain whether or not homosexual behavior can be linked to a biological catalyst. From Alfred Kinseys revolutionary survey in 1947 to the current media upheaval about a prospective gay gene, the desire to pinpoint a cause for the personalities and behaviors associated with homosexuality has reached new plateaux. The scientific community is constantly developing more and more evidence to suggest that there may well be a neurologicalRead MoreThe Issue Of Sexual Orientation1090 Words   |  5 Pagesone hundred men, around two of them are homosexuals, and the same goes for women. The background regarding sexual orientation is vast, and a lot of different definitions of the concept have been introduced throughout time. Nevertheless, although homosexuality is fairly common in the United States, many people still misunderstand it. The different types of sexual orientations and their difference from other sexual-related terms, such as gender r ole and gender identity, are all confused by the generalRead MoreEssay on The Cause of Homosexual Behaviors1255 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexual Behaviors The cause of homosexual behaviors has long been a controversial topic debated by scientists, psychologists, and many others among the general population. The Newsweek article Born or Bred discusses many possible causes of homosexuality. According to the research done in 1991 by neuroscientist Simon LeVay, the area of the brain that controls sexual activity called the hypothalamus, was less than half the size in homosexual males compared to heterosexual males. This result tellsRead MoreIs Homosexuality A Personal Choice Or Is It Genetics?2009 Words   |  9 PagesHomosexuality has been an ongoing controversial topic for decades and remains a taboo subject for many. The controversy stems from two distinct, main groups: liberals and conservatives. Both groups on opposite sides of the spectrum have created an uproar on what is right and what is wrong in regards to homosexuality. Social, religious, and personal beliefs have shaped many opinions and views on the perspective of homosexuality, thus creating opposing spheres without the consideration of scientificRead MoreEssay about Sexual Orientation1077 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered highly controversial in our world today. There are many issues that society is faced with concerning homosexuality. When thinking of homosexuality most people refer to the Bible for an answer. There is even more controversy within the Bible’s text. Not only is there reference to the Bible, but also to our mind to answer whether or not homosexuality is a moral issue. Psychological and Biological research is searching for an answer to this illustrious area of confusion. According to Shakuntala DelviRead MoreHomosexuality : Genetic Or A Choice?1724 Words   |  7 PagesJessica Lamb Professor Daniel Levine PSYC 3320 May 9 2015 Homosexuality: Genetic or a Choice? It’s the year 2015 and the talk of homosexuality is still a controversial topic. Some people believe that being homosexual, or â€Å"gay†, is a choice and by being with someone of the same-sex you are committing a sin or doing something that is not viewed as â€Å"normal†. Although, now on television we are starting to see more and more homosexual couples and homosexual people on TV programs. Are people finally getting

Children Are Being Raised Isn t The Correct Way

How many people have told their child how smart they are? How intelligent they have become because they can distinguish from the color red and the color blue? Many I suppose, because that’s what a good parent says to their kids when they do something good. What if the way some children are being raised isn’t the correct way? By the correct way means with the correct mentality to go on with life, education, and the struggles that they can have in their future. As parents, we want our kids to feel confident with themselves and what they are capable of doing, and becoming the key to that is each parent’s goals. They want their children to feel confident in the society they live in and expect their way of raising them to be the in-between.We live in a society where intelligence is very important so parents should guide their children to a growth mindset. The author Carol S. Dweck analysis the way that children grow with the way their parents raise them and the mental ity that they encounter in them. She also analyzes the growth and fixed mindsets in her article â€Å"The Secret to raising Smart Kids†. Mr. Thomas continues to give information on further statements that contribute to what Carol S. Dweck wants to state in his article â€Å"To Raise Smart and Successful Children, focus on Developing a Work Ethic†. There’s people with different mind sets but the most common ones are the fixed mindset and the growth mindset. This mindset are the ones that most people start getting at a youngShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Views On Happiness1505 Words   |  7 Pagesvirtues they need to know their potentials. Open knowing their potentials they achieve happiness. Aristotle says that the happy person doesn t want anything more. Happiness is achieved in itself and never by means of something else. 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There rights are thought-about to be in particular the national or legal thought of world and are same for all groups of peopleRead MoreSpeech On Political Correctness1620 Words   |  7 PagesGood morning ladies and gentlemen, thank you so much for being present with us today. 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The distinction between Marxism and Functionalism is that functionalist portray their theory as the Living Body where everyone works together to keep societyRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effect On Children1518 Words   |  7 Pages(indecent assault and battery), exhibitionism, prostitution, and exposure to, or photographing a kid for, porn. Emotional Abuse is defined as words or behavior on the part of a parent/guardian/caretaker which create a damage to the mental well being, or intellectual or mental capacity of a young child. Psychological abuse can result in low self esteem in a young child, and make a lowering of the child s ability to operate within a usual range of conduct and performance. case study The abuseRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye2057 Words   |  9 Pagesare interconnected. A symbol is an object represents an idea that is important to the novel. I believe the most important symbol in this novel is Holden s idea of being the catcher in the rye. Holden Caulfield, the main character in the novel, is not the typical sixteen year old boy. Holden has many characteristics that aren t typical of anyone that I know. Holden is very afraid of growing up. He feels the adult world is phony, everyone in it, and everything associated with it. Holden never

My American Culture And The Mexican Culture - 982 Words

Battling between the confound of two cultures yet attempting to embrace both has shaped me into the individual I am present day. I grew up in a loving home surrounded by a nationally diverse family. Nevertheless, one thing we all have in common is our Mexican culture passed on to us by our wonderful ancestors. Even though some of my family members reside in different states, some even in different countries, we are all able to connect with each other when practicing our traditions and customs. We all share a common language that we utilize to communicate with one another, and that is Spanish. Everyone in my family learned to speak Spanish as the first language, and then the majority of my family living in the United States learned to†¦show more content†¦At that point of my childhood, my family was unaware of American holidays and traditions since they barely settled in The United States. One of the holidays that were a major topic of discussion in American schools was Than ksgiving. When I was in elementary, teachers would make students draw turkeys, color turkeys, and play games that featured turkeys. I did not comprehend what Thanksgiving was truly about as a child, but I did know that it was â€Å"turkey day,† meaning that on Thanksgiving I was supposed to eat a turkey with my family just like the rest of my peers said they would. One day after I finished drawing the image of a turkey at school, I took it home and showed it to my mother, then asked her if we would eat a turkey on Thanksgiving. To my surprise, she said, â€Å"No why would we eat a turkey and what is Thanksgiving?† I explained to her that Thanksgiving was the day that everyone eats turkey and gathers with their family to celebrate the turkey. My mother was very confused at my response and neglected my offer to celebrate that holiday, but I continued encouraging and persuading her to cook a turkey on Thanksgiving. Hearing all my peers talk about Thanksgiving made me even more excited and look forward to that day. As the days continued in school, I continued taking home poems and songs about Thanksgiving to my mother and family. My teacher gathered all the students in the classroom, and had us practice aShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : My Mexican American Culture1625 Words   |  7 PagesAll cultures are different and influence how we develop as adults. In my Mexican American culture many virtues of strength, courage, and hope has been passed on. Growing up in an environment where financial hardship prevailed I was still able to observe how my parents had hopeful attitudes, loved, had patience, and kindness toward others. Our strong family unity brought me comfort and confidence in knowing I had their support and guidance. 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This is due to my father’s mother being adopted at a young age. In addition, the true father of my father is unknown. However, I speculate that my father has an African-American ancestor. On my mother’s side of the family, my great-great grandmotherRead MoreMexican Americans: Perspectives on Death and Dying Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesMexican Americans: Death and Dying Hispanics are the fastest growing minority in the United States, and the majority of them are Mexican in origin (Kemp, 2001). The Roman Catholic Church plays a vital role in the culture and daily life of many Mexican Americans. Consequently, healthcare personnel must become culturally competent in dealing with the different beliefs possessed by these individuals. Nurses must have the knowledge and skills necessary to deliver care that is congruent with the patient’sRead MoreThe Importance Of My Identity1014 Words   |  5 Pagesimposed by other cultures. This is also true of gender expectation. 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Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research Free Essays

string(111) " family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class\." Chapter –VI FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH This research was broad based, involving multi dimensional study of all possible factors influencing the Personal Market in general and Small Car Market in particular. There are very important findings related to influence of socio-economic issues of Indian middle class, infrastructural issues like development of roads, government policies, price and cost of running and maintaining the car etc. Performance of Tata Motors Nano car, which is the smallest car, in the small car segment, and was positioned to meet the requirement of a spatial segment of Indian buyer was also studied extensively. We will write a custom essay sample on Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6. 1 Findings and Conclusions Major findings and conclusions drawn from the study are listed below -1. 71 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards low engine capacity cars to get higher fuel efficiency. It shows that in future only cars giving higher fuel efficiency will be preferred by Indian consumers. . 73percent of the respondents have shown their preference toward small cars as due to increased traffic and congestion on roads. As vehicle population is increasing continuously and size of city roads started appearing narrow, it can be concluded that small cars will prove sustainable in the future. 3. 74 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards small cars due to parking convenience of roads. In cities due to phenomenal increase in number of vehicles, parking is proving to be a big problem. Parking of small cars is a bit easy and therefore, in future people are likely to prefer small cars. 210 4. In recent past car manufacturers have launched a number of models of small cars with comparable features of big cars, consequently small car owners can now enjoy all these features in small cars also. In all 73 percent of respondents have expressed their happiness due to this reason endorsed the purchase of small car. 5. In India still personal disposable income of majority of respondent is not so high that they can afford to buy a big car and therefore, 71 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that their disposable income permit them to buy only a small car and thus small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 6. In India due to increase in literacy rate and also desire to lead a comfortable life have induced the people to observe small family norm, which can easily be accommodated in small cars, the of choice people is, therefore, shifting towards small cars. 0 percent of total respondents have expressed the view that small car is good for them as they have small family. 7. 70 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that they prefer the small cars as repair facility is available easily and next to their door for the repair of the same. 8. In past few years the number and percentage of women in employment is increasing staidly. Such women employee prefers the small cars due to variety of reasons. 76 percent of the total respondents have expressed their agreement to the fact that increased women employment has boost the sale of small cars. As this trend is going to persist, the future of small car is bright. 9. Increased affluence and easy availability of loans and finance facilities have led to many two wheeler users to buy their first car which is normally a small car. This has made the small cars sustainable in Indian car market. 78 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. 10. In past few years urban as well as rural affluence has increased. This has boosted the trend of urbanization. This in turn induces the people to buy 211 ars. In all 77 percent respondents are of the opinion that growing urban population has boost the market of small cars in India. 11. In past one decade a phenomenon improvement has taken place in the road network. This has induced the sale of small cars in India. 81 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that improved conditions of roads even in small cities have led to increase in demand of small cars. 12. Government of India has formulated such policies which stimul ate the sale of small cars. 2 percent of total respondents are of the opinion that favorable government policy has boost the sale of small cars. 13. Price of the cars as well cost of spares, parts and component also govern the choice of a car. Normally price of small cars as well cost of spares, parts and components are comparatively low and affordable. Therefore, people prefer to buy small cars. This fact was endorsed by 74 percent of the total respondents. Thus it appears that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian market. 14. The cost of repair and maintenance is comparatively very low in case of small cars. This also remains one of the considerations in forming the decision to buy a car. 83 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that lower cost of repair and maintenance has influenced their decision to buy a small car. 15. Government levies taxes on small cars by low rate and rate of insurance of small cars is also very low as compare to big cars which are higher priced, therefore large number of people opts for purchase of small cars. A majority (68%) of the respondents have shown their agreement towards this. 16. About 3/4th of the total respondents are of the opinion that small cars are still preferred choice of Indian consumers therefore, it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian car market. 17. 77 percent of the respondents are of the opinion that constantly rising costs of inputs and fuel prices will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 18. Small cars prove sufficient to meet the family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class. You read "Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research" in category "Essay examples" 212 This fact was endorsed by 82 percent of the total respondents. Therefore it can be concluded safely that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 19. Over the years a status consciousness has developed among Indian middle class and to fulfill this need they prefer to buy small car as most of them can not afford to buy a big car. Therefore, small cars remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 82 percent of the total respondents have endorsed this view and therefore it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian automobile sector. 20. Indian middle class consumer is buying a car for either as a necessity or for comfort. The financial constraint therefore does not permit him to have the luxury of expensive, out of reach big cars. 82 percent of the total respondents of this study are of the same opinion. Looking to large base of middle class population in India, it can safely be concluded that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 21. Parking of cars at residence is proving a difficult proposition now-a-days. Indian middle class resides normally in compact houses, parking space is in these houses is limited or non existent. In such conditions Indian middle class finds it is more comfortable with small cars. 83 percent of the total respondents acknowledged this fact and endorsed that the parking convenience at residence induces middle class to buy a small car. Thus it is concluded that small car will be sustainable in Indian car market. 22. Family and peer pressure often plays an important role in making buying decision of a vehicle . In case of Indian middle class this pressure induces them to buy small car. 68 percent of the total respondents were of the opinion that this pressure nduces the Indian middle class to buy the small cars. Therefore, small cars will remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 213 23. Working women in general and from middle class in particular prefer to buy a small car due to driving and parking comforts offered by such cars. Therefore, small car is a preferred choice of Indian Middle class working women. About 84 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. A s the number of middle class women employees is on increase continuously, it can be concluded that small cars will sustain in the Indian automobile sector. 4. The focus of current middle class families is more on spending and enjoying life. Their personal disposable income has also increased substantially. The desire to lead a conferrable life is motivating them to buy a car, and with the financial constraint more then often it is small car. Therefore, popularity of small cars is increasing. 80 percent of respondents have shown their agreement that desire to lead comfortable life among middle class will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 25. Of late Indian middle class has become status conscious. One of the simple ways to exhibit the status consciousness is to buy a car. Therefore, more and more middle class people are embarking upon the decision to buy a car. This fact is going to contribute to the sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. 83 percent of the total surveyed respondents have expressed their agreement to this. 26. Number of middle class people is on continuous increasing in Indian, since small car is a preferred choice of this segment, it can be concluded that small car will sustain in Indian market. This view has been endorsed by 81 percent of the total respondents. 7. A very small car launched by Tata Motors is not sustainable in Indian automobile sector as 82 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion against Nano it is perceived as not safe and stable. 28. Tata Motors Nano is not preferred by Indian consumers in spite of being low price and more fuel efficient, as almost 97 percent of the respondents have 214 expressed their agre ement to this. Thus price of car and fuel efficiency of it, are not only the factors taken into consideration by Indian consumers while making purchase decision for cars. Their decisions are governed by other factors also like safety, features, driving comfort, status, convenience, etc. 29. Nano is not even preferred by Indian consumers as suitable for â€Å"† Only for City use† car.. 91 percent of the respondents have expressed this view. 30. Nano is not a preferred choice of Indian consumers, neither as a first car nor as a second or additional car. 88 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as a first car and 93 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as second or additional car. 31. Tata Motors Nano car was positioned as a better alternative for two wheeler. However those who are using two wheelers for their personal and family use and can afford to buy at least a small car are also having hesitation in buying Nano. 93 percent of the respondents have that they would not like Nano to take out their family instead of scooter or a motor bike. Thus it can be concluded that Tata Motors Nano has lost it’s initial charm and hype created in Indian car market. 32 Out of the total surveyed respondents (1500) , 1271 respondents have acknowledged that they are using small car ,remaining of respondents said they are not using a small car. This implies that Indian car market scene is still dominated by small car. 33. 79 percent of the respondents those using small car have expressed their satisfaction with a small car. Remaining 21 percent of respondents were not satisfied by with the small car. This very high satisfaction level with the users, is clear indication of sustainability of small car in Indian market. 34. 83 percent of the total respondents have acknowledged that they would like to recommend the car currently being used by them to the prospective buyers. This again shows that most of the car users are satisfied with their 215 present car, whether big or small, and they would like to recommend the same to the prospective buyers. This study has already established the fact that the sale of small car is dominating, this response further support the sustainability of small car in Indian market. 35. This study also reveals that 73 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion that small car will be the preferred choice of Indian Middle Class and will sustain in Indian car market. 6. RECOMMENDATIONDS AND SUGGESTIONS For this study the questionnaire was so designed to get a clear idea about the preferences, choices, socio- economic issues, financial constraints, influencing factor of government actions and policies, consumer profiles etc. Since the study covers interest of all stake holders of Indian automobile sector, the recommendations are grouped under the following†¢ Recommendations for the car and auto component manufac tures. †¢ Recommendations for auto finance organizations. †¢ Recommendations for policy planners- †¢ Recommendations for prospective car buyers. One important finding coming out of this study, which can change significantly the dynamics of Indian business, is shift in the consumer profile. Though the urbanization is taking place at a very high rate, it is the consumption of Rural India which is increasing at faster rate then Urban India. There for the recommendations for the basis of shift in consumer profile are grouped together, for the four segments of stake holders as specified above. 216 6. 2. 1 Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures1. The fuel efficiency is one of the prime concerns of the car users and therefore it is recommended that the future car engine designee should be based on fuel efficiency and note on high horse power. 2. The availability of repair facility is having influence on buying decision, and therefore it is recommended that the car manufacturer should address this requirement before introducing any high technology based models of small cars for Indian market. 3. The study reveals that the small car is preferred by working women. Introduction of some variance of the car models having â€Å"Women friendly accessories† will attract the women customers. 4. The cost of the spare parts is of concern of car users. To boost the sale of their product it is suggested that the auto component manufacturers, open their dealer networks and service outlets to meet customer’s requirements directly. This is already in practice for car batteries, tyers etc. The Auto electrical segment can also use this. 5. The study reveals that there is shift in consumer profile. The consumer in he rural area is having more stakes in consumption. Currently the car designs are for the urban users. It is recommended that to take advantage of this shift some variance of car models can be designed to attract rural customers. 6. The Tata Motors Nano car is having low price and fuel efficient engine, but as the study reveals it is not accepted by consumers due to various issues like safety, durability, not suitable for long distance travel etc. It is recommended that car manufacture should take a note of this in designing the future models. They are advised to conduct the extensive survey of consumers, particularly, of Nano users, that why a small car launched in Indian car market with a big fan fare could not pick-up and lost its charm in a very short span of time, so that they can revive Nano as per expectations of public and can make it a great success in Indian car market. 217 7. Although 79 percent of the small car users have expressed their satisfaction with the small car being used by them, but 19 percent of the respondents have also expressed their dissatisfaction with the small car which can not be termed as insignificant from any yardstick. Small car manufacturers are advised to develop a suitable mechanism to identify such dissatisfaction and must take concrete steps to overcome their dissatisfaction. 6. 2. 2 i. Recommendations for auto finance organizations. One of the findings of the study is that financing of car purchase is key driver of auto industry. In the discussions it is felt that, as the disposable income is low in the beginning of the career and increases with the passes of time the initial Equated Monthly Installments (EMIs) are proved heavy and burdensome on the purchasers. ii. It is therefore, recommended that auto finance companies can adopt a model of financing in which monthly payment in the initial period can be low, with a gradual increase afterwards. 6. 2. 3 Recommendations for government and policy planners(i) The constantly increasing fuel prices on the one hand support the choice of small car but on the other hand the cost conscious consumer may stop shifting from two wheelers to car. The government, therefore, can take suitable policy decision to offset the impact of increased fuel price by reduction of other taxes and duties on fuel. ii) The study reveals the concern of the parking and traffic congestion on roads. It is recommended that â€Å"Town Planers† and policy makers in the government should suitably address these problems. Looking to the shortage of parking area in the city following solutions can be considered(a) Providing high-rise parking setups with lifts. 218 (b) Parking plazas out side city, with rapid transport system conne ctivity to business areas. (c) Making it mandatory to use roof tops for parking, like basement is used of high-rise buildings. (d) The traffic congestion on road, especially in cities, is often because of non adherence to the driving discipline by users. The traffic management system, therefore need to be made more efficient, active and accountable. (iii) To further boost automobile sector, more reforms in this sector are required, Since the Auto Policy published in 2002, is already more then a decade old a working group of experts should be asked to come out a new policy frame work, taking into consideration the current status and challenges. 6. 2. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. (i) From this study one fact has come out clearly that, currently many models with many variances in each model, are available for a buyer. It is therefore recommended that in selecting a car the buyer should carefully evaluate the technical specifications, and match, the same with his needs. (ii) There are different schemes with different auto finance organizations. With a careful study of the schemes available at the time of car purchase, substantial saving in car financing can be obtained. (iii) Tata Motors Nano car is not favored by majority of the respondents, due to their perceptions, related to safety, stability, status symbol etc. However the manufacturer is continuously working to rectify these concerns. For the buyers having low disposable income, it is therefore recommended that at least considering the very low price of this car, the current model available at the time of purchase can be once again technically evaluated (iv) The government policies for protection of environment are also influencing the engine type and the fuel used in a car. It is therefore 219 recommended that buyer should select a model which is having futuristic technology engine. 6. 2. 5 ESPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE BASIS OF SHIFT IN CONSUMER PROFILEThis study reveals the fact that the ‘Rural Market’ of India is growing more rapidly then ‘Urban Market’. The perception of car manufacturing industry as well as policy planers with the government in India has considered car as a commodity for urban population. This sift in the consumer profile if taken into serious consideration can lead to following recommendations6. 2. 5. 1Recommendations for the car manufacturesi. The interior design of the cars for the future models can be reviewed, and new models or at least some variants of new models can have features suitable for rural buyer. To give examples the long front seat of retro models can be reintroduced, the capacity of petrol tank can be increased etc. ii. The topographic requirement of rural area can be considered for technical specifications, of the cars e. g. wheel size, road clearance etc. to make it more acceptable in rural India. It is necessary to provide additional protection against dust to the vital elements, like fuel injection systems, carburetors, ignition system etc. iii. It is recommended that car manufacturers explore the possibility of introducing â€Å"Four Wheel Drive† system in small car as well. iv. The Personal car sales- net work currently focuses more on urban India, a shift is recommended in this approach. v. It is recommended that, after sale service net work is to be extended to rural area. Since the area to be serviced will be very large, a module having a central workshop with mobile service vehicles attached to it can also be considered. 220 vi. For the manufacturer like Maruti having major stake in small car segment, it is recommended that they can develop a system through which some selected fuel outlets can be used for providing authorized repair service by tanning the staff of fuel outlet. . 2. 5. 2 Recommendations for auto finance organizationsi. The current system of Equated Monthly Installments, is meeting the requirements of urban consumers which are generally fixed monthly income employees. The earning pattern of the rural consumers is different as it is seasonal. Therefore it is recommended that schemes where the option of repayment in unequaled installments, with a rider to make the complete repayment in a predefined period can be introduced. ii. The cooperative banks are generally very strong in rural India. It is recommended that captive auto finance companies can start exploring the possibilities of working with these banks. 6. 2. 5. 3Recommendations for policy plannersThe growth in auto industry segment works as a catalyst for the entire manufacturing sector. This growth is meeting the two very important key objectives of the government e. g. Improved GDP and more employment. It is therefore recommended that the policy planners in government should design the policies which can boost the sale of cars (small cars) in Indian ruler market. Some of the suggestions are as underi. It is recommended that in place of uniform road taxes throughout the state, a system of differential taxes based on the type of the area in which a personal vehicle is in use can be implemented. ii. To increase the use of cars, more priority should be also given to the roads connecting the villages to nearby cities. 221 iii. It is recommended that like agriculture equipments the soft loan schemes, for rural user to be extended for Personal Vehicles iv. Government should consider suitable tax incentives for the promotion of R D in the automobile sector, which can be directly attributed to suitable vehicle for Rural India 6. 2. 5. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. i. The service backup is very necessary for the high technology based cars. It is therefore suggested that buyer should examine this aspect carefully. ii. The road conditions may very from the cities in the rural area. The car specifications required to be looked into, from this angle. 6. 3 Directions for Future/ Further Study i. The study pertains to study of sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. This study opens the scope for conducting future researches on the sustainability of big cars MPVs, SUVs, LCVs and heavy vehicles. ii. The study is confined to conduct the study of market sustainability; however, future studies may be undertaken for conducting the technical sustainability, social sustainability, environmental sustainability, and financial sustainability of small cars or any other product. iii. The study also opens the avenue of conducting such study at international level covering different dimensions of sustainability of small cars. 222 How to cite Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research, Essays

Managerial Finance Financial Stability for Stakeholders

Question: Describe about the Managerial Finance for Financial Stability for Stakeholders. Answer: Introduction Financial statements of a business corporation represent its financial stability to the stakeholders. The financial position of a firm is determined on the basis of its financial statements that are used to forecast its future growth position. The financial statements facilitate investors and analysts to predict the future growth performance of a firm and thereby take effective decisions for investing in the firm. The comparison of financial statements such as balance sheet, income and cash-flow statement of a business firm is used by the decision-makers internally and externally to examine its present and predict the future performance (Laitinen, and Suvas, 2013). However, the occurrence of many corporate scandals such as Enron, Worldcom and Lehman Brothers has revealed that financial statements are not reliable for estimating the bankruptcy risk of a corporation. The corporate scandals have aroused the need of new approach for bankruptcy prediction of firms (Kennedy, 2012). In this context, the present essay examines the usefulness of financial statements for predicting a firm bankruptcy and the need of new approach to estimate the possibility of its default. Critical Analysis of Need for new approach for bankruptcy predictions by Corporates Financial statements have long been used for developing an insight into the financial position of a business corporation by decision-makers. The information provided by financial statements is not reliable as was revealed by the corporate scandals of Enron, Worldcom and Lehman Brothers. These corporate scandals are regarded as largest accounting frauds in the history causing major financial losses to the investors. The accounting frauds can be regarded as the use of false and deceptive accounting practices intentionally by a business firm in order to obtain the likely results of enhanced financial performance. The common approaches that are used by the business firm in improving the appearance of financial statements are overstating revenues by showing future expected sales, understating expenditure, inflating net worth of assets and hiding financial obligations (Rezaee and Riley, 2011). Enron Corp collapse was revealed when it filed for bankruptcy in the year 2001 before which the c ompany was recognised as a highly successful innovative and best managed business in the US. The main reason for the collapse of the company was its fraudulent accounting practices through which the company used to claim more profit in its financial reports than its actual profitability. The company had created its special purpose entities for preventing significant losses from appearing on its financial statements. The losses incurred by its special purpose entities were not consolidated with the companys financial statements. Thus, the company used to provide false financial information to the investors and analysts through its financial reports. The investors and financial analysts could not predict the possibility of default risk of the company that was revealed by its bankruptcy filing causing major financial losses to the shareholders (Johnson, 2003). Similarly, the corporate scandal of Worldcom occurred due to the mis-representation of information in the financial statements of the company. The internal audit of the firm has revealed that about $3.3bn in its profits are improperly recorded between the years 1999-2002. The company had held these profits as reserves and intentionally inflated them for increasing its profitability. The main reason for the collapse of the company was its acquisition strategy which created a debt of about $41 billion (Chuvakhin and Gertmenian, 2003). The company improperly reported its accounting debt in the financial statements through fake entries. However, the company financial condition became doubtful when it failed to secure new source of financing from the banks as it possess less than $300 million cash. The investors, analysts and public were shocked by the bankruptcy of Worldcom as its reported profits in the financial statements were suddenly transformed into losses. The fake accounting poli cies of the company were revealed during its internal audit and the company was heavily charged for the fraud by the Securities and Exchange Commission (Helwege, 2009). In this regard, the case of Lehman Brothers filing for bankruptcy in the year 2008 was largest in history. It has about $639 billion in assets and $ 619 billion in debt and as such its bankruptcy surpassed of Enron and Worldcom. It was regarded as one of the largest U.S. investment bank at the time of its collapse with workforce of about 25,000 employees. The collapse of Lehman Brothers was mainly attributed to the U.S. housing boom in the period of financial years 2003 and 2004 (McDonald and Robinson, 2009). The investment bank used to provide low-interest rates mortgage lending that increased its revenue generation at a faster growth than other businesses in investment banking. The firm recorded revenue of about $146 billion in the year 2006 that is about 10% increase from the previous year 2005. Lehmans stock started to decline with the rise of credit crisis and bursting of housing bubble. The revenue generated was further used to increase the house prices and increase in interest rates for mortgages repayment. The borrowers were unable to repay the loans that caused the bursting of housing bubble causing bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. The financial statements of Lehman Brother have depicted increasing profits from the year 2005-2007 with suddenly turning bankrupt in the year 2009. Thus, the case also reflected that financial statements are not trustworthy source for investors and analysts to predict the financial position of a firm (McDonald and Robinson, 2009). The occurrence of all these corporate scandals have raised the need of other approaches besides relying on financial statements for estimating the present and future growth financial performance of a firm. As such, the investors and analysts are largely incorporating the use of other innovative approaches for examining the firm bankruptcy. The prominent techniques used for estimating the financial performance of business corporations is data envelopment analysis (DEA) and production function-based economic performance evaluation (PEFP) (Vav?ina et al., 2013). These new approaches for estimating the bankruptcy prediction of firms has not yet been validated for use in financial sector but investors and analysts are increasingly adopting the use f these methods for estimating the possibility of default of firms. Both the methods assess the firms bankruptcy by quantifying its financial distress. The methods assess the relative efficiency of a firm through the help of a mathematical formu la that helps in bankruptcy assessment through the use of financial ratios. A new approach that can be used for analysing bankruptcy of the business entities is Altman Z-score model. The model estimates the possibility of default of the firms through assessing its insolvency, leverage, liquidity and solvency. Zeta model is also used for bankruptcy assessment of firms through quantifying the financial distress trough the use of mathematical models. In addition to this, the economic and institutional factors should also be analysed by the investors and financial analysts in bankruptcy prediction. The economic factors such as interest rates, monetary and fiscal policy and the overall industry performance can provide valuable insights for predicting bankruptcy of a firm (Vav?ina et al., 2013). The accounting fraud is very difficult to be predicted by the financial investors by solely relying on the information obtained from the financial statements as evident from the occurrence of corporate scandals discussed above. As such, the financial statement fraud can significant damage the retirement and educational savings of people. In this context, the implementation of horizontal and vertical analysis can prove to be very useful for the investors and financial analysts for financial statement fraud detection. Vertical analysis involves examining and analysing each and every entry in the income statement as a percentage of total revenue and comparing it with the previous results (Almsafir et al., 2015). The sudden increase in the revenue generated reflects a risk in the business operations of the business entity. Moreover, the investors can select a benchmark from the financial statements such as total assets for monitoring the deviations in it on yearly basis. Similarly, horiz ontal analysis involves identifying the variations in percentages of the base year figures in financial statements signifying the need for future analysis. The technique of logistic regression approach is also proving to be highly useful for identifying the financial distress of corporations. It involves the use of regression analysis for predicting bankruptcy possibility of a firm. Thus, it can be said that use of improper accounting procedures by business firms around the world for developing financial statements is causing the need of these new approaches to examine their present and future financial performance. This is necessary to protect the hard earn money of investors from any potential damage by investing in the business corporations (Almsafir et al., 2015). Conclusion Thus, it can be summarised FROM the above overall discussion that financial statement frauds are on increase in the business corporations around the world as can be seen from the case of Enron, Worldcom and Lehman Brothers. There is high need for incorporation of new approaches such as DEA, regression analysis, horizontal and vertical analysis for estimating the financial performance of a business firm besides relying only on the information provided by financial statements. References Almsafir, M. et al. 2015. Transparency and Reliability in Financial Statement: Do They Exist? Evidence from Malaysia. Open Journal of Accounting 4, pp. 29-43. Chuvakhin, N. V. and Gertmenian, L.W. 2003. How to determine when it is safe to grant credit. Worldcom Ethics Case Study 6(1), pp. 1-6. Helwege, J. 2009. Financial Firm Bankruptcy and Systemic Risk. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/helwege.pdf [Accessed on: 8 October 2016]. Johnson, C. 2003. Enrons Ethical Collapse: Lessons for Leadership Educators. Journal of Leadership Education 2(1), pp. 45-56. Kennedy, K. 2012. An Analysis of Fraud: Causes, Prevention, and Notable Cases. Honors Theses, pp. 1-48. Laitinen, E.K. and Suvas, A. 2013. International Applicability of Corporate Failure Risk Models Based on Financial Statement Information: Comparisons across European Countries. Journal of Finance Economics 1(3), pp. 01-26. McDonald, L. and Robinson, P. 2009. A Colossal Failure of Common Sense: The Incredible Inside Story of the Collapse of Lehman Brothers. Random House. Rezaee, Z. and Riley, R. 2011. Financial Statement Fraud Defined. John Wiley Sons. Vav?ina, J. et al. 2013. New Approaches For The Financial Distress Classification In Agribusiness. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS 4(XI), pp. 1177-1182.