Children Are Being Raised Isn t The Correct Way

How many people have told their child how smart they are? How intelligent they have become because they can distinguish from the color red and the color blue? Many I suppose, because that’s what a good parent says to their kids when they do something good. What if the way some children are being raised isn’t the correct way? By the correct way means with the correct mentality to go on with life, education, and the struggles that they can have in their future. As parents, we want our kids to feel confident with themselves and what they are capable of doing, and becoming the key to that is each parent’s goals. They want their children to feel confident in the society they live in and expect their way of raising them to be the in-between.We live in a society where intelligence is very important so parents should guide their children to a growth mindset. The author Carol S. Dweck analysis the way that children grow with the way their parents raise them and the mental ity that they encounter in them. She also analyzes the growth and fixed mindsets in her article â€Å"The Secret to raising Smart Kids†. Mr. Thomas continues to give information on further statements that contribute to what Carol S. Dweck wants to state in his article â€Å"To Raise Smart and Successful Children, focus on Developing a Work Ethic†. There’s people with different mind sets but the most common ones are the fixed mindset and the growth mindset. This mindset are the ones that most people start getting at a youngShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Views On Happiness1505 Words   |  7 Pagesvirtues they need to know their potentials. Open knowing their potentials they achieve happiness. Aristotle says that the happy person doesn t want anything more. Happiness is achieved in itself and never by means of something else. 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My American Culture And The Mexican Culture - 982 Words

Battling between the confound of two cultures yet attempting to embrace both has shaped me into the individual I am present day. I grew up in a loving home surrounded by a nationally diverse family. Nevertheless, one thing we all have in common is our Mexican culture passed on to us by our wonderful ancestors. Even though some of my family members reside in different states, some even in different countries, we are all able to connect with each other when practicing our traditions and customs. We all share a common language that we utilize to communicate with one another, and that is Spanish. Everyone in my family learned to speak Spanish as the first language, and then the majority of my family living in the United States learned to†¦show more content†¦At that point of my childhood, my family was unaware of American holidays and traditions since they barely settled in The United States. One of the holidays that were a major topic of discussion in American schools was Than ksgiving. When I was in elementary, teachers would make students draw turkeys, color turkeys, and play games that featured turkeys. I did not comprehend what Thanksgiving was truly about as a child, but I did know that it was â€Å"turkey day,† meaning that on Thanksgiving I was supposed to eat a turkey with my family just like the rest of my peers said they would. One day after I finished drawing the image of a turkey at school, I took it home and showed it to my mother, then asked her if we would eat a turkey on Thanksgiving. To my surprise, she said, â€Å"No why would we eat a turkey and what is Thanksgiving?† I explained to her that Thanksgiving was the day that everyone eats turkey and gathers with their family to celebrate the turkey. My mother was very confused at my response and neglected my offer to celebrate that holiday, but I continued encouraging and persuading her to cook a turkey on Thanksgiving. 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Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research Free Essays

string(111) " family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class\." Chapter –VI FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH This research was broad based, involving multi dimensional study of all possible factors influencing the Personal Market in general and Small Car Market in particular. There are very important findings related to influence of socio-economic issues of Indian middle class, infrastructural issues like development of roads, government policies, price and cost of running and maintaining the car etc. Performance of Tata Motors Nano car, which is the smallest car, in the small car segment, and was positioned to meet the requirement of a spatial segment of Indian buyer was also studied extensively. We will write a custom essay sample on Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6. 1 Findings and Conclusions Major findings and conclusions drawn from the study are listed below -1. 71 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards low engine capacity cars to get higher fuel efficiency. It shows that in future only cars giving higher fuel efficiency will be preferred by Indian consumers. . 73percent of the respondents have shown their preference toward small cars as due to increased traffic and congestion on roads. As vehicle population is increasing continuously and size of city roads started appearing narrow, it can be concluded that small cars will prove sustainable in the future. 3. 74 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards small cars due to parking convenience of roads. In cities due to phenomenal increase in number of vehicles, parking is proving to be a big problem. Parking of small cars is a bit easy and therefore, in future people are likely to prefer small cars. 210 4. In recent past car manufacturers have launched a number of models of small cars with comparable features of big cars, consequently small car owners can now enjoy all these features in small cars also. In all 73 percent of respondents have expressed their happiness due to this reason endorsed the purchase of small car. 5. In India still personal disposable income of majority of respondent is not so high that they can afford to buy a big car and therefore, 71 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that their disposable income permit them to buy only a small car and thus small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 6. In India due to increase in literacy rate and also desire to lead a comfortable life have induced the people to observe small family norm, which can easily be accommodated in small cars, the of choice people is, therefore, shifting towards small cars. 0 percent of total respondents have expressed the view that small car is good for them as they have small family. 7. 70 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that they prefer the small cars as repair facility is available easily and next to their door for the repair of the same. 8. In past few years the number and percentage of women in employment is increasing staidly. Such women employee prefers the small cars due to variety of reasons. 76 percent of the total respondents have expressed their agreement to the fact that increased women employment has boost the sale of small cars. As this trend is going to persist, the future of small car is bright. 9. Increased affluence and easy availability of loans and finance facilities have led to many two wheeler users to buy their first car which is normally a small car. This has made the small cars sustainable in Indian car market. 78 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. 10. In past few years urban as well as rural affluence has increased. This has boosted the trend of urbanization. This in turn induces the people to buy 211 ars. In all 77 percent respondents are of the opinion that growing urban population has boost the market of small cars in India. 11. In past one decade a phenomenon improvement has taken place in the road network. This has induced the sale of small cars in India. 81 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that improved conditions of roads even in small cities have led to increase in demand of small cars. 12. Government of India has formulated such policies which stimul ate the sale of small cars. 2 percent of total respondents are of the opinion that favorable government policy has boost the sale of small cars. 13. Price of the cars as well cost of spares, parts and component also govern the choice of a car. Normally price of small cars as well cost of spares, parts and components are comparatively low and affordable. Therefore, people prefer to buy small cars. This fact was endorsed by 74 percent of the total respondents. Thus it appears that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian market. 14. The cost of repair and maintenance is comparatively very low in case of small cars. This also remains one of the considerations in forming the decision to buy a car. 83 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that lower cost of repair and maintenance has influenced their decision to buy a small car. 15. Government levies taxes on small cars by low rate and rate of insurance of small cars is also very low as compare to big cars which are higher priced, therefore large number of people opts for purchase of small cars. A majority (68%) of the respondents have shown their agreement towards this. 16. About 3/4th of the total respondents are of the opinion that small cars are still preferred choice of Indian consumers therefore, it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian car market. 17. 77 percent of the respondents are of the opinion that constantly rising costs of inputs and fuel prices will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 18. Small cars prove sufficient to meet the family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class. You read "Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research" in category "Essay examples" 212 This fact was endorsed by 82 percent of the total respondents. Therefore it can be concluded safely that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 19. Over the years a status consciousness has developed among Indian middle class and to fulfill this need they prefer to buy small car as most of them can not afford to buy a big car. Therefore, small cars remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 82 percent of the total respondents have endorsed this view and therefore it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian automobile sector. 20. Indian middle class consumer is buying a car for either as a necessity or for comfort. The financial constraint therefore does not permit him to have the luxury of expensive, out of reach big cars. 82 percent of the total respondents of this study are of the same opinion. Looking to large base of middle class population in India, it can safely be concluded that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 21. Parking of cars at residence is proving a difficult proposition now-a-days. Indian middle class resides normally in compact houses, parking space is in these houses is limited or non existent. In such conditions Indian middle class finds it is more comfortable with small cars. 83 percent of the total respondents acknowledged this fact and endorsed that the parking convenience at residence induces middle class to buy a small car. Thus it is concluded that small car will be sustainable in Indian car market. 22. Family and peer pressure often plays an important role in making buying decision of a vehicle . In case of Indian middle class this pressure induces them to buy small car. 68 percent of the total respondents were of the opinion that this pressure nduces the Indian middle class to buy the small cars. Therefore, small cars will remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 213 23. Working women in general and from middle class in particular prefer to buy a small car due to driving and parking comforts offered by such cars. Therefore, small car is a preferred choice of Indian Middle class working women. About 84 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. A s the number of middle class women employees is on increase continuously, it can be concluded that small cars will sustain in the Indian automobile sector. 4. The focus of current middle class families is more on spending and enjoying life. Their personal disposable income has also increased substantially. The desire to lead a conferrable life is motivating them to buy a car, and with the financial constraint more then often it is small car. Therefore, popularity of small cars is increasing. 80 percent of respondents have shown their agreement that desire to lead comfortable life among middle class will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 25. Of late Indian middle class has become status conscious. One of the simple ways to exhibit the status consciousness is to buy a car. Therefore, more and more middle class people are embarking upon the decision to buy a car. This fact is going to contribute to the sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. 83 percent of the total surveyed respondents have expressed their agreement to this. 26. Number of middle class people is on continuous increasing in Indian, since small car is a preferred choice of this segment, it can be concluded that small car will sustain in Indian market. This view has been endorsed by 81 percent of the total respondents. 7. A very small car launched by Tata Motors is not sustainable in Indian automobile sector as 82 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion against Nano it is perceived as not safe and stable. 28. Tata Motors Nano is not preferred by Indian consumers in spite of being low price and more fuel efficient, as almost 97 percent of the respondents have 214 expressed their agre ement to this. Thus price of car and fuel efficiency of it, are not only the factors taken into consideration by Indian consumers while making purchase decision for cars. Their decisions are governed by other factors also like safety, features, driving comfort, status, convenience, etc. 29. Nano is not even preferred by Indian consumers as suitable for â€Å"† Only for City use† car.. 91 percent of the respondents have expressed this view. 30. Nano is not a preferred choice of Indian consumers, neither as a first car nor as a second or additional car. 88 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as a first car and 93 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as second or additional car. 31. Tata Motors Nano car was positioned as a better alternative for two wheeler. However those who are using two wheelers for their personal and family use and can afford to buy at least a small car are also having hesitation in buying Nano. 93 percent of the respondents have that they would not like Nano to take out their family instead of scooter or a motor bike. Thus it can be concluded that Tata Motors Nano has lost it’s initial charm and hype created in Indian car market. 32 Out of the total surveyed respondents (1500) , 1271 respondents have acknowledged that they are using small car ,remaining of respondents said they are not using a small car. This implies that Indian car market scene is still dominated by small car. 33. 79 percent of the respondents those using small car have expressed their satisfaction with a small car. Remaining 21 percent of respondents were not satisfied by with the small car. This very high satisfaction level with the users, is clear indication of sustainability of small car in Indian market. 34. 83 percent of the total respondents have acknowledged that they would like to recommend the car currently being used by them to the prospective buyers. This again shows that most of the car users are satisfied with their 215 present car, whether big or small, and they would like to recommend the same to the prospective buyers. This study has already established the fact that the sale of small car is dominating, this response further support the sustainability of small car in Indian market. 35. This study also reveals that 73 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion that small car will be the preferred choice of Indian Middle Class and will sustain in Indian car market. 6. RECOMMENDATIONDS AND SUGGESTIONS For this study the questionnaire was so designed to get a clear idea about the preferences, choices, socio- economic issues, financial constraints, influencing factor of government actions and policies, consumer profiles etc. Since the study covers interest of all stake holders of Indian automobile sector, the recommendations are grouped under the following†¢ Recommendations for the car and auto component manufac tures. †¢ Recommendations for auto finance organizations. †¢ Recommendations for policy planners- †¢ Recommendations for prospective car buyers. One important finding coming out of this study, which can change significantly the dynamics of Indian business, is shift in the consumer profile. Though the urbanization is taking place at a very high rate, it is the consumption of Rural India which is increasing at faster rate then Urban India. There for the recommendations for the basis of shift in consumer profile are grouped together, for the four segments of stake holders as specified above. 216 6. 2. 1 Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures1. The fuel efficiency is one of the prime concerns of the car users and therefore it is recommended that the future car engine designee should be based on fuel efficiency and note on high horse power. 2. The availability of repair facility is having influence on buying decision, and therefore it is recommended that the car manufacturer should address this requirement before introducing any high technology based models of small cars for Indian market. 3. The study reveals that the small car is preferred by working women. Introduction of some variance of the car models having â€Å"Women friendly accessories† will attract the women customers. 4. The cost of the spare parts is of concern of car users. To boost the sale of their product it is suggested that the auto component manufacturers, open their dealer networks and service outlets to meet customer’s requirements directly. This is already in practice for car batteries, tyers etc. The Auto electrical segment can also use this. 5. The study reveals that there is shift in consumer profile. The consumer in he rural area is having more stakes in consumption. Currently the car designs are for the urban users. It is recommended that to take advantage of this shift some variance of car models can be designed to attract rural customers. 6. The Tata Motors Nano car is having low price and fuel efficient engine, but as the study reveals it is not accepted by consumers due to various issues like safety, durability, not suitable for long distance travel etc. It is recommended that car manufacture should take a note of this in designing the future models. They are advised to conduct the extensive survey of consumers, particularly, of Nano users, that why a small car launched in Indian car market with a big fan fare could not pick-up and lost its charm in a very short span of time, so that they can revive Nano as per expectations of public and can make it a great success in Indian car market. 217 7. Although 79 percent of the small car users have expressed their satisfaction with the small car being used by them, but 19 percent of the respondents have also expressed their dissatisfaction with the small car which can not be termed as insignificant from any yardstick. Small car manufacturers are advised to develop a suitable mechanism to identify such dissatisfaction and must take concrete steps to overcome their dissatisfaction. 6. 2. 2 i. Recommendations for auto finance organizations. One of the findings of the study is that financing of car purchase is key driver of auto industry. In the discussions it is felt that, as the disposable income is low in the beginning of the career and increases with the passes of time the initial Equated Monthly Installments (EMIs) are proved heavy and burdensome on the purchasers. ii. It is therefore, recommended that auto finance companies can adopt a model of financing in which monthly payment in the initial period can be low, with a gradual increase afterwards. 6. 2. 3 Recommendations for government and policy planners(i) The constantly increasing fuel prices on the one hand support the choice of small car but on the other hand the cost conscious consumer may stop shifting from two wheelers to car. The government, therefore, can take suitable policy decision to offset the impact of increased fuel price by reduction of other taxes and duties on fuel. ii) The study reveals the concern of the parking and traffic congestion on roads. It is recommended that â€Å"Town Planers† and policy makers in the government should suitably address these problems. Looking to the shortage of parking area in the city following solutions can be considered(a) Providing high-rise parking setups with lifts. 218 (b) Parking plazas out side city, with rapid transport system conne ctivity to business areas. (c) Making it mandatory to use roof tops for parking, like basement is used of high-rise buildings. (d) The traffic congestion on road, especially in cities, is often because of non adherence to the driving discipline by users. The traffic management system, therefore need to be made more efficient, active and accountable. (iii) To further boost automobile sector, more reforms in this sector are required, Since the Auto Policy published in 2002, is already more then a decade old a working group of experts should be asked to come out a new policy frame work, taking into consideration the current status and challenges. 6. 2. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. (i) From this study one fact has come out clearly that, currently many models with many variances in each model, are available for a buyer. It is therefore recommended that in selecting a car the buyer should carefully evaluate the technical specifications, and match, the same with his needs. (ii) There are different schemes with different auto finance organizations. With a careful study of the schemes available at the time of car purchase, substantial saving in car financing can be obtained. (iii) Tata Motors Nano car is not favored by majority of the respondents, due to their perceptions, related to safety, stability, status symbol etc. However the manufacturer is continuously working to rectify these concerns. For the buyers having low disposable income, it is therefore recommended that at least considering the very low price of this car, the current model available at the time of purchase can be once again technically evaluated (iv) The government policies for protection of environment are also influencing the engine type and the fuel used in a car. It is therefore 219 recommended that buyer should select a model which is having futuristic technology engine. 6. 2. 5 ESPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE BASIS OF SHIFT IN CONSUMER PROFILEThis study reveals the fact that the ‘Rural Market’ of India is growing more rapidly then ‘Urban Market’. The perception of car manufacturing industry as well as policy planers with the government in India has considered car as a commodity for urban population. This sift in the consumer profile if taken into serious consideration can lead to following recommendations6. 2. 5. 1Recommendations for the car manufacturesi. The interior design of the cars for the future models can be reviewed, and new models or at least some variants of new models can have features suitable for rural buyer. To give examples the long front seat of retro models can be reintroduced, the capacity of petrol tank can be increased etc. ii. The topographic requirement of rural area can be considered for technical specifications, of the cars e. g. wheel size, road clearance etc. to make it more acceptable in rural India. It is necessary to provide additional protection against dust to the vital elements, like fuel injection systems, carburetors, ignition system etc. iii. It is recommended that car manufacturers explore the possibility of introducing â€Å"Four Wheel Drive† system in small car as well. iv. The Personal car sales- net work currently focuses more on urban India, a shift is recommended in this approach. v. It is recommended that, after sale service net work is to be extended to rural area. Since the area to be serviced will be very large, a module having a central workshop with mobile service vehicles attached to it can also be considered. 220 vi. For the manufacturer like Maruti having major stake in small car segment, it is recommended that they can develop a system through which some selected fuel outlets can be used for providing authorized repair service by tanning the staff of fuel outlet. . 2. 5. 2 Recommendations for auto finance organizationsi. The current system of Equated Monthly Installments, is meeting the requirements of urban consumers which are generally fixed monthly income employees. The earning pattern of the rural consumers is different as it is seasonal. Therefore it is recommended that schemes where the option of repayment in unequaled installments, with a rider to make the complete repayment in a predefined period can be introduced. ii. The cooperative banks are generally very strong in rural India. It is recommended that captive auto finance companies can start exploring the possibilities of working with these banks. 6. 2. 5. 3Recommendations for policy plannersThe growth in auto industry segment works as a catalyst for the entire manufacturing sector. This growth is meeting the two very important key objectives of the government e. g. Improved GDP and more employment. It is therefore recommended that the policy planners in government should design the policies which can boost the sale of cars (small cars) in Indian ruler market. Some of the suggestions are as underi. It is recommended that in place of uniform road taxes throughout the state, a system of differential taxes based on the type of the area in which a personal vehicle is in use can be implemented. ii. To increase the use of cars, more priority should be also given to the roads connecting the villages to nearby cities. 221 iii. It is recommended that like agriculture equipments the soft loan schemes, for rural user to be extended for Personal Vehicles iv. Government should consider suitable tax incentives for the promotion of R D in the automobile sector, which can be directly attributed to suitable vehicle for Rural India 6. 2. 5. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. i. The service backup is very necessary for the high technology based cars. It is therefore suggested that buyer should examine this aspect carefully. ii. The road conditions may very from the cities in the rural area. The car specifications required to be looked into, from this angle. 6. 3 Directions for Future/ Further Study i. The study pertains to study of sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. This study opens the scope for conducting future researches on the sustainability of big cars MPVs, SUVs, LCVs and heavy vehicles. ii. The study is confined to conduct the study of market sustainability; however, future studies may be undertaken for conducting the technical sustainability, social sustainability, environmental sustainability, and financial sustainability of small cars or any other product. iii. The study also opens the avenue of conducting such study at international level covering different dimensions of sustainability of small cars. 222 How to cite Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research, Essays

Managerial Finance Financial Stability for Stakeholders

Question: Describe about the Managerial Finance for Financial Stability for Stakeholders. Answer: Introduction Financial statements of a business corporation represent its financial stability to the stakeholders. The financial position of a firm is determined on the basis of its financial statements that are used to forecast its future growth position. The financial statements facilitate investors and analysts to predict the future growth performance of a firm and thereby take effective decisions for investing in the firm. The comparison of financial statements such as balance sheet, income and cash-flow statement of a business firm is used by the decision-makers internally and externally to examine its present and predict the future performance (Laitinen, and Suvas, 2013). However, the occurrence of many corporate scandals such as Enron, Worldcom and Lehman Brothers has revealed that financial statements are not reliable for estimating the bankruptcy risk of a corporation. The corporate scandals have aroused the need of new approach for bankruptcy prediction of firms (Kennedy, 2012). In this context, the present essay examines the usefulness of financial statements for predicting a firm bankruptcy and the need of new approach to estimate the possibility of its default. Critical Analysis of Need for new approach for bankruptcy predictions by Corporates Financial statements have long been used for developing an insight into the financial position of a business corporation by decision-makers. The information provided by financial statements is not reliable as was revealed by the corporate scandals of Enron, Worldcom and Lehman Brothers. These corporate scandals are regarded as largest accounting frauds in the history causing major financial losses to the investors. The accounting frauds can be regarded as the use of false and deceptive accounting practices intentionally by a business firm in order to obtain the likely results of enhanced financial performance. The common approaches that are used by the business firm in improving the appearance of financial statements are overstating revenues by showing future expected sales, understating expenditure, inflating net worth of assets and hiding financial obligations (Rezaee and Riley, 2011). Enron Corp collapse was revealed when it filed for bankruptcy in the year 2001 before which the c ompany was recognised as a highly successful innovative and best managed business in the US. The main reason for the collapse of the company was its fraudulent accounting practices through which the company used to claim more profit in its financial reports than its actual profitability. The company had created its special purpose entities for preventing significant losses from appearing on its financial statements. The losses incurred by its special purpose entities were not consolidated with the companys financial statements. Thus, the company used to provide false financial information to the investors and analysts through its financial reports. The investors and financial analysts could not predict the possibility of default risk of the company that was revealed by its bankruptcy filing causing major financial losses to the shareholders (Johnson, 2003). Similarly, the corporate scandal of Worldcom occurred due to the mis-representation of information in the financial statements of the company. The internal audit of the firm has revealed that about $3.3bn in its profits are improperly recorded between the years 1999-2002. The company had held these profits as reserves and intentionally inflated them for increasing its profitability. The main reason for the collapse of the company was its acquisition strategy which created a debt of about $41 billion (Chuvakhin and Gertmenian, 2003). The company improperly reported its accounting debt in the financial statements through fake entries. However, the company financial condition became doubtful when it failed to secure new source of financing from the banks as it possess less than $300 million cash. The investors, analysts and public were shocked by the bankruptcy of Worldcom as its reported profits in the financial statements were suddenly transformed into losses. The fake accounting poli cies of the company were revealed during its internal audit and the company was heavily charged for the fraud by the Securities and Exchange Commission (Helwege, 2009). In this regard, the case of Lehman Brothers filing for bankruptcy in the year 2008 was largest in history. It has about $639 billion in assets and $ 619 billion in debt and as such its bankruptcy surpassed of Enron and Worldcom. It was regarded as one of the largest U.S. investment bank at the time of its collapse with workforce of about 25,000 employees. The collapse of Lehman Brothers was mainly attributed to the U.S. housing boom in the period of financial years 2003 and 2004 (McDonald and Robinson, 2009). The investment bank used to provide low-interest rates mortgage lending that increased its revenue generation at a faster growth than other businesses in investment banking. The firm recorded revenue of about $146 billion in the year 2006 that is about 10% increase from the previous year 2005. Lehmans stock started to decline with the rise of credit crisis and bursting of housing bubble. The revenue generated was further used to increase the house prices and increase in interest rates for mortgages repayment. The borrowers were unable to repay the loans that caused the bursting of housing bubble causing bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. The financial statements of Lehman Brother have depicted increasing profits from the year 2005-2007 with suddenly turning bankrupt in the year 2009. Thus, the case also reflected that financial statements are not trustworthy source for investors and analysts to predict the financial position of a firm (McDonald and Robinson, 2009). The occurrence of all these corporate scandals have raised the need of other approaches besides relying on financial statements for estimating the present and future growth financial performance of a firm. As such, the investors and analysts are largely incorporating the use of other innovative approaches for examining the firm bankruptcy. The prominent techniques used for estimating the financial performance of business corporations is data envelopment analysis (DEA) and production function-based economic performance evaluation (PEFP) (Vav?ina et al., 2013). These new approaches for estimating the bankruptcy prediction of firms has not yet been validated for use in financial sector but investors and analysts are increasingly adopting the use f these methods for estimating the possibility of default of firms. Both the methods assess the firms bankruptcy by quantifying its financial distress. The methods assess the relative efficiency of a firm through the help of a mathematical formu la that helps in bankruptcy assessment through the use of financial ratios. A new approach that can be used for analysing bankruptcy of the business entities is Altman Z-score model. The model estimates the possibility of default of the firms through assessing its insolvency, leverage, liquidity and solvency. Zeta model is also used for bankruptcy assessment of firms through quantifying the financial distress trough the use of mathematical models. In addition to this, the economic and institutional factors should also be analysed by the investors and financial analysts in bankruptcy prediction. The economic factors such as interest rates, monetary and fiscal policy and the overall industry performance can provide valuable insights for predicting bankruptcy of a firm (Vav?ina et al., 2013). The accounting fraud is very difficult to be predicted by the financial investors by solely relying on the information obtained from the financial statements as evident from the occurrence of corporate scandals discussed above. As such, the financial statement fraud can significant damage the retirement and educational savings of people. In this context, the implementation of horizontal and vertical analysis can prove to be very useful for the investors and financial analysts for financial statement fraud detection. Vertical analysis involves examining and analysing each and every entry in the income statement as a percentage of total revenue and comparing it with the previous results (Almsafir et al., 2015). The sudden increase in the revenue generated reflects a risk in the business operations of the business entity. Moreover, the investors can select a benchmark from the financial statements such as total assets for monitoring the deviations in it on yearly basis. Similarly, horiz ontal analysis involves identifying the variations in percentages of the base year figures in financial statements signifying the need for future analysis. The technique of logistic regression approach is also proving to be highly useful for identifying the financial distress of corporations. It involves the use of regression analysis for predicting bankruptcy possibility of a firm. Thus, it can be said that use of improper accounting procedures by business firms around the world for developing financial statements is causing the need of these new approaches to examine their present and future financial performance. This is necessary to protect the hard earn money of investors from any potential damage by investing in the business corporations (Almsafir et al., 2015). Conclusion Thus, it can be summarised FROM the above overall discussion that financial statement frauds are on increase in the business corporations around the world as can be seen from the case of Enron, Worldcom and Lehman Brothers. There is high need for incorporation of new approaches such as DEA, regression analysis, horizontal and vertical analysis for estimating the financial performance of a business firm besides relying only on the information provided by financial statements. References Almsafir, M. et al. 2015. Transparency and Reliability in Financial Statement: Do They Exist? Evidence from Malaysia. Open Journal of Accounting 4, pp. 29-43. Chuvakhin, N. V. and Gertmenian, L.W. 2003. How to determine when it is safe to grant credit. Worldcom Ethics Case Study 6(1), pp. 1-6. Helwege, J. 2009. Financial Firm Bankruptcy and Systemic Risk. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/helwege.pdf [Accessed on: 8 October 2016]. Johnson, C. 2003. Enrons Ethical Collapse: Lessons for Leadership Educators. Journal of Leadership Education 2(1), pp. 45-56. Kennedy, K. 2012. An Analysis of Fraud: Causes, Prevention, and Notable Cases. Honors Theses, pp. 1-48. Laitinen, E.K. and Suvas, A. 2013. International Applicability of Corporate Failure Risk Models Based on Financial Statement Information: Comparisons across European Countries. Journal of Finance Economics 1(3), pp. 01-26. McDonald, L. and Robinson, P. 2009. A Colossal Failure of Common Sense: The Incredible Inside Story of the Collapse of Lehman Brothers. Random House. Rezaee, Z. and Riley, R. 2011. Financial Statement Fraud Defined. John Wiley Sons. Vav?ina, J. et al. 2013. New Approaches For The Financial Distress Classification In Agribusiness. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS 4(XI), pp. 1177-1182.

Presence of Unidentified Flying Objects-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Presence of Unidentified Flying Objects. Answer: Extraterrestrial life, which is also known as the Alien life is the life that is present outside the earth and this life ranges from small microorganisms to another civilization situated outside the earth and advanced than the human civilization (Capova, 2013). This assignment will be discussing about the two phenomenon of extra-terrestrial intelligence such as UFO or Unidentified Flying Objects or personal encounters of it and will further discuss the motives of aliens to visit earth from both behavioral and scientific perspective. Sighting of UFOs are critically argued subject as people, who have not encountered such sighting, did not believe the fact that these phenomenon actually happened and several scientists such as Cremo (2013), supported their presence. Furthermore, the concept of UFOs is named as science fiction as maximum of the scientists did not believe on such topic. There are three motives of alien visiting earth such as to influence the future perspective of human society as, to enlighten the humanity and for the experimental use. According to Jinks (2012), aliens with higher technological reach, visited earth in past to affect the humankind. Furthermore, according to many famous alien abduction stories the abductees mentioned that aliens abducted them to experiment about human sex organs and to use human cells for their own racial existence. These reasons seems correct from both scientific and behavioral perspective as human visited other planets like mars to identify any sign of life (Vakoch, 2 017). Therefore the concept of UFOs remains critically accepted in the scientific as well as general community and the people did not encountered such phenomenon, did not believe on the presence of aliens. References Capova, K. A. (2013). The detection of extraterrestrial life: are we ready?. InAstrobiology, History, and Society(pp. 271-281). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Cremo, M. A. (2013). Human Devolution.Disinformation Guide to Ancient Aliens, Lost Civilizations, Astonishing Archaeology and Hidden History, 23. Jinks, A. L. (2012). Paranormal and alternative health beliefs as quasi-beliefs: Implications for item content in paranormal belief questionnaires.Australian Journal of Parapsychology,12(2), 127. Vakoch, D.A. (2017). Hawkings fear of an alien invasion may explain the Fermi Paradox.Theology and Science,15(2), 134-138.

Foundation Engineering in Difficult Soils

Introduction Recent research conducted in the U.S (Jones, Holtz, 1973) has shown that the country spends an estimated 7 billion dollars each year as a result of damage to all types of structures build on expansive soils. The research further shows that more than twice as much is spent on damage due to swelling soils as is spent on damage from floods, hurricanes, tornadoes and earthquakes.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Foundation Engineering in Difficult Soils specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Certainly, the problem is of enormous financial proportions. The issue of the effect of expansive soils has probably received more attention than any other analysis associated with difficult soils. Numerous analytical procedures have been proposed in various countries. However, most methods have been used to a limited extent within a limited geographical area (Jones, Holtz, 1973). This term paper examines the issue s urrounding expansive soils in relation to foundational engineering. Case History In order to establish the effect of poor foundational design in expandable soils, this paper will briefly present a case history for emphasis. In 1961, the Division of Building Research under the National Research Council carried out a study to monitor the performance of an industrial building in North-Central Regina. In the study, instrumentation was installed to monitor ground movements at various depths below the slab. Approximately one year after construction, the owner noticed considerable cracking of the floor slab. Precise level surveys conducted at that time showed the maximum total heave to be 106 mm. The owner had also noted a significant increase in water consumption (i.e. 35 000 litres). It was later discovered that a leak had occurred in the hot water line beneath the floor slab, at the location of maximum heave. Although this is just but a simple case history, it speaks volumes on the need for thorough foundational planning in constructions involving expansive soils (Yoshida et al, 1983). Problem Statement The challenge with planning building foundations on moderate to highly expansive clay soils are the probable damaging effects of differential movements of the foundation structural elements owing to volumetric changes of the underlying and adjoining soils. In nonprofessional’s language, expansive soils swell up and cause heave with increasing soil moisture, or can dehydrate and cause subsidence with diminishing soil moisture.Advertising Looking for term paper on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Muckel (2004), movement of expansive soils is brought about by fluctuations in the moisture level of soil particles. Because homogenous expansive soils have very low permeability, fluctuations in the moisture essence of the soils might usually be expected to happen over a prolonged perio d. However, permeability is amplified with geotechnical phenomena such as land faults, surface fractures due to waterlessness of clays, and decomposition of tree roots, which bring about cracks that become widely spread over time. Due to the continued wetting, expansion, drying, and shrinking of the soil as it weathers, the cracks often fill up with sediment and sand, and create pathways for water that can aggravate the permeation process. Additionally, water can also move easily through naturally occurring sand strata, sand seams, and micro-fissures in clay soil caused by earlier shrinkage. High negative pressures, also referred to as suction, in expansive soils with low water content also raise the tendency for absorption of water into the soil (Muckel, 2004). Apart from environmental factors, expansive soils can also be affected by climatic conditions. Water removal by trees and other plants, a process known in science as transpiration, can become a basis for soil shrinkage. Swel ling can be caused by water penetration into the soil from neighborhood irrigation systems, broken water tubes, inundated and leaking service dugouts, poor drainage system, or dripping swimming pools, or it can be caused by slow moisture replacement and equalization after the confiscation of a tree. The combined effect and inconsistency of all these possibilities make it difficult to precisely predict expansive soil ground movements (Muckel, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Foundation Engineering in Difficult Soils specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his book titled Foundation Design: Principles and Practices, Donald Coduto (2005) notes that foundation movements are viewed as problematic only if they bring about negative occurrences that destructively affect the functionality or exterior of the building. The negative occurrences are considered to be structural if the weight carrying capacity of the su perstructure or foundation elements are affected, or are deemed to be cosmetic if only the appearance of the outside covering or interior wall, floor, or ceiling finishing are affected. Negative phenomena can also affect the serviceability of the building, such as the opening or closing of the doors. In most cases, negative occurrences due to foundation movement naturally occur because of disparity movements between various parts of the building. These disparity movements in most cases lead to high internal stresses in building components often ending as distress in the form of gaping cracks, splitting, twisting, collapsing, or separations in the exterior covering systems such as block, cement board panels, or in the internal finishes such as drywall finishes, wood paneling and carpeting (Coduto, 2005). Apart from reinforcing the building weight, the aim of engineering foundation design in expansive soil areas should be to economically alleviate the negative effects of foundation mo vement. This can be done by isolating rudiments of the foundation system from possible soil movements or by using design methods and details that help to manage the consequences of the soil movement. In most cases, movements of expansive soils are generally constrained to an upper zone of soils referred to as the active zone. The lower boundary of this zone is usually defined as the line of zero movement. The depth of the active zone differs from location to location. The depth of the active zone is an imperative design parameter used in the engineering design of foundations on expansive soils, principally when planning to apply deep foundations. Another general design consideration is the effect of the extent of extra pressure on the scale of heave that can occur.Advertising Looking for term paper on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lightly loaded foundation components, such as physical framework, pavements, and building slab-on-grade floors are affected more by expansive soil volumetric variations than are heavily loaded foundation components such as heavily loaded bearing walls. This is because heavy loads significantly reduce the amount of expansion that can occur. Numerous foundation system design options to meet these goals to varying degrees are available. There are also many options in the design and selection of components that constitute these foundation systems. However, these choices should only be based upon an engineered geotechnical investigation (Jones, Holtz, 1973). There are various types of foundation systems that are usually used for residential and other low-rise buildings in areas where expansive soil is predominant. The foundation systems are subdivided into two groups namely the deep support system and shallow support systems. It is important to note that each of these systems has an ass ociated level of risk of damage that can happen to the building superstructure and architectural components due to differential foundation movements. Each of these systems has a connected relative cost of construction. When contrasting the various foundation systems, the intensity of risk is characteristically found to be inversely proportional to the level of cost (Muckel, 2004). In most cases, higher risks are usually acknowledged due to financial considerations. For example, shallow support systems usually have a moderately higher level of risk compared to deep support systems, but are usually adopted due to finances and affordability (Jones, Holtz, 1973). Deep Support Systems Deep support systems are characterized as foundations having deep components such as drilled piers or piles that expand way below the moisture active zone of the soils. These components function as a boundary to the vertical movements of the building by providing vertical support in a soil section that is not prone to downward movement brought about by moisture fluctuations. The deep support system is divided in to several sub-systems all of which are adopted depending on location to location. These subsystems include; isolated structural systems with deep foundations, stiffened structural slab with deep foundations, stiffened non-structural slab with deep foundations, and non-stiffened slab-on-grade with deep foundations. Each of these support systems has its own advantages and disadvantages but one thing that is common among them is that they are superior to shallow support systems. The only advantage that is synonymous with each one of them is the higher construction cost but this is secondary when compared with the safety of the building (Muckel, 2004). Shallow Support Systems Shallow support foundation systems are defined as foundations having shallow foundations that do not go below the moisture active zone of the soils and are prone to vertical movements due to volumetric chan ges of the expansive soils. Like the deep support systems, the shallow support systems are divided in to subsystems. These subsystems include the grade-supported stiffened structural slab, grade-supported stiffened non-structural, slab and grade-supported non-stiffened slab of uniform thickness. In a large part, this system is preferred due to the fast time in construction and reduced costs. However, this system has a high risk of vertical movement as compared to deep support system and it is therefore not recommended for use in high-rise buildings (Coduto, 2005). Mixed Depth Systems Just as the name suggests, mixed depth systems are foundations that extend to diverse bearing depths. Although their use is disallowed for some applications, mixed depth systems are sometimes utilized. The systems can be employed for new structures on sites with large plan areas located on a site with broadly changeable soil conditions and for new structures on locations with a considerable amount of de ep fill. Additionally, the systems can be used for new structures on a sloping hillside, for new structures located adjacent to a waterway or slopes greater than 5%, for existing structures when adding a new building among other places. When a new addition is added on to an existing building, consideration must be given to the depths of the new and existing foundation systems. Conclusion When dealing with expansive soils, it is advisable to employ various mitigation options to reduce the damaging effects of soil movement due to improper drainage and transpiration of trees and bushes. Employing a moisture control system prevents damage by controlling the amount of water and moisture that enter into the location soils. This includes methods to direct storm water runoff and methods of providing irrigation to lawn vegetation. Some recommended ways of controlling site drainage include site grading, French drains, and area drains. These systems just like the support systems reduce vertica l movements of building foundations by moderating the effects of seasonal moisture changes. References Coduto, D. (2005). Foundation Design: Principles and Practices. London: Prentice-Hall. Jones, E., Holtz, W. (1973). Expansive Soils-The Hidden Disaster. ASCE, Civil Engineering, 43 (2), 87-89. Muckel, G. (2004). Understanding Soil Risks and Hazards: Using Soil Survey to Identify Areas with Risks and Hazards to Human Life and Property. Retrieved from ftp://ftp fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/NSSC/Soil_Risks/risk_low_res.pdf Yoshida, R., Fredlund, D., Hamilton, J. (1983). The Prediction of Total Heave of a Slab-on-Grade Floor on Regina Clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 20 (3), 69-81. This term paper on Foundation Engineering in Difficult Soils was written and submitted by user Jabari Gonzalez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ecological Problems Essays

Ecological Problems Essays Ecological Problems Essay Ecological Problems Essay In our lessons we amused about Earth, environment and many environmental problems (  global warming, ozone houl, waste production, etc. ). Nevertheless some of big environmental problems we are omited. I would like describe this phenomenons in this work. First problem is deforestation of Amazon rainforest and second is poluting of seas and oceans. At the end of this work I would like write somethink about The Czech Republic and problems what we have here. AMAZON FOREST This forest is very importatnt for the future of the world. This area contains one third of the world? s trees. However, the trees are disappearing. This is causing changes in the climate In Peru there is less snow In Bolivia there is less rain and more wind. Why are the Amazon forests being cut? People need the land ,people have money from the trees,people built roads and Brazil owes money to internacional organization and they cut trees and they pay back debt. What will happen if more of the Amazon forest cut down? There will be serious effects on the world? s climate. The air that we breathe will lose some of it? s oxygen. It means that in the air will be more carbon dioxide. It will become difficult- perhaps even impossible to breathe! With more carbon dioxide in the air -the temperature will rise, the ice -capsat the North and South Poles will melt, the sea level will rise, and hundreds of coastal cities will flood. OCEAN Seas and oceans are very important for human life. There live many kinds of animals for example whales dolphins, sharks, fishes etc†¦ Sea? s fish are very important because they are important part of human food. The most fish consume China, Russia and Japanesse. Very important is water from the sea. This water contains mineralsand for example our is from this water. In the bottom under the land there is crude oil and gus. But people are very inconsiderate and they cause that our seas are polutted in this time saes and oceands are our big garbage dump. We should ask if we will continue what we will do in the future? CZECH REPUBLIC Also Czech Republic has its own problems. Probably the worst problem is air pollution. People burn brown coal which is the dirtiest kind. Factories fill the air with smelly and dangerous smoke. In winter the air is unpleasant In parts of country especially in Northern Bohemia, Prague and around Ostrava people have many health problems. Another big problem is the destruction of nature. Industry and ever-increasing population destroying many forests. This problem is called deforestation. People always need more space, factories, paper, wood. In the past twenty years people dosroyed many beautiful old forests in Moravia and Bohemia. But people establish CH KO Landscape protected area here live many endangered species and you can find here many interesting plants. In LPA people cant make a noise ,faire,drop a litter go out from signated paths†¦